Research Article
Clinical and Etiological Aspects of Gynecomastia in Adult Males: A Multicenter Study
Table 1
Causes of gynecomastia in 237 patients (n = 244).
| | Causes | N | % | TT (ng/mL) | Prolactin (ng/mL) | TSH (uIU/mL) | LH (mIU/mL) | FSH (mIU/mL) | E2 (pg/mL) |
| | Anabolic steroids | 34 | 13.9 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 13.7 ± 8.5 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 30.3 ± 14.7 | | Hypogonadism | 27 | 11.0 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 13.9 ± 9.3 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 19.2 ± 14.3 | 31.0 ± 23.2 | 29.9 ± 16.3 | | Pharmaceutical drugs | 19 | 7.8 | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 24.1 ± 34.1 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 11.5 ± 12.5 | 17.1 ± 21.3 | 35.9 ± 14.7 | | Persistent puberty | 15 | 6.2 | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 13.7 ± 5.7 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 2.4 | 4.6 ± 4.3 | 30.1 ± 10.8 | | Hyperprolactinemia | 14 | 5.7 | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 167.4 ± 335.9 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 6.0 ± 6.2 | 12.0 ± 19.5 | 23.1 ± 9.7 | | Marijuana | 8 | 3.3 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 9.8 ± 3.1 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 44.0 ± 20.3 | | Renal Failure | 5 | 2.1 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 16.7 ± 10.6 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 8.9 ± 6.9 | 13.3 ± 14.9 | 24.2 ± 7.3 | | Hyperthyroidism | 5 | 2.1 | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 11.0 ± 6.7 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 36.0 ± 19.0 | | Chronic liver disease | 3 | 1.2 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 11.2 ± 4.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 44.0 ± 30.8 | | Dietary phytosteroids | 1 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 0.86 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 48 | | Hyperestrogenism | 1 | 0.4 | 4.5 | 20 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4 | 114 | | Refeeding | 1 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 58 | | Adrenal carcinoma | 1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | | | | | 78.1 |
| | Idiopathic | 110 | 45.1 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 12.3 ± 4.8 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 5.4 ± 5.6 | 28.4 ± 8.9 |
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