Research Article
Clinical and Etiological Aspects of Gynecomastia in Adult Males: A Multicenter Study
Table 2
Causes of gynecomastia and hormonal profiles in 160 patients 18-40 years old (n = 165).
| | Causes | n | % | TT (ng/mL) | Prolactin (ng/mL) | TSH (uIU/mL) | LH (mIU/mL) | FSH (mIU/mL) | E2 (pg/mL) |
| | Anabolic steroids | 32 | 19.4 | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 13.9 ± 8.7 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 3.0 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 30.7 ± 15.0 | | Persistent puberty | 14 | 8.5 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 14.5 ± 5.1 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 4.4 | 30.8 ± 10.9 | | Hyperprolactinemia | 11 | 6.7 | 5.1 ± 2.0 | 185.4 ± 375.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 7.4 ± 9.9 | 8.6 ± 13.9 | 29.8 ± 9.0 | | Hypogonadism | 11 | 6.7 | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 7.7 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 19.0 ± 14.0 | 36.4 ± 24.8 | 30.3 ± 23.1 | | Marijuana | 8 | 4.8 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 9.8 ± 3.1 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 44.0 ± 20.3 | | Pharmaceutical drugs | 4 | 2.4 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 13.9 ± 2.7 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | 31.7 ± 22.8 | | Hyperthyroidism | 3 | 1.8 | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 11.0 ± 6.7 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 36.0 ± 19.0 | | Renal failure | 2 | 1.2 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 16.5 ± 14.8 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 2.1 | | Dietary phytosteroids | 1 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 0.86 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 48 | | Hyperestrogenism | 1 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 20 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4 | 114 | | Refeeding | 1 | 0.6 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 58 | | Chronic liver disease | 1 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 8.7 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 18 |
| | Idiopathic | 76 | 46.1 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 4.6 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 29.2 ± 9.4 |
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