A Simplified Ultrasound Comet Tail Grading Scoring to Assess Pulmonary Congestion in Patients with Heart Failure

<div>Lung ultrasound and echocardiographic parameters of a patient with congestive heart failure. (a) Interstitial-alveolar syndrome was detected by lung ultrasound. (b) Mitral inflow showed <svg height="11.439pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.687 11.439" width="22.687pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z" id="g113-70"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.008,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z" id="g113-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.369,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path></g></svg> &gt; 2. (c) Tissue Doppler early (<i>e</i>′) and late (<i>a</i>′) diastolic velocities were markedly reduced. (d) Peak TR velocity by CW Doppler; peak right ventricle to right atrial systolic pressure gradient is 47 mmHg. (e, f) Global longitudinal strain analysis was −16.1%. Note that the left ventricular ejection fraction was 55.3% (f).</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 4: A Simplified Ultrasound Comet Tail Grading Scoring to Assess Pulmonary Congestion in Patients with Heart Failure 