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First Author Year Country | N Age (M±SD) Female % | HF Type HFr/pEF % Mean EF % | NYHA Class III-IV % | Follow Up Duration | Frailty Measure | Frailty Prevalence | Frailty Definition |
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Boxer 2010 USA | 59 77.0 28.81 | chronic HF HFrEF(100%) NR | 42.4 | 4 years | FP | 25.40% | a poor ability to cope with physiologic stress |
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Cacciatore 2005 Italy | 120 75.9± 6.7 60.00 | chronic HF NR NR | NR | 12 years | FSS | 54.2% (FSS 2-3) | includes not only hospitalization, health service utilization, caregiver stress, but also age–associated sensory deficits, functional impairment or degree of disability, cognitive and behavioural deficits, and lack of social support |
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Martín-Sánchez 2017 Spanin | 465 82.4 ±7.2 61.00 | Acute HF NR NR | 23.1 | 30days | Modified FP(self reported) | 36.30% | a dynamic and nonlinear process that describes a state of vulnerability (reduced system reserves and capacity of response to stress situations) to stressors in older populations |
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Pulignano 2006 Italy | 190 77.0±5.0 46.30 | chronic HF NR 32.94±10 | NR | 1year | FSS | 40% FSS(2-4) | a clinical state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes such as disability and mortality |
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Rodríguez-Pascual 2017 Spanin | 497 85.2±7.3 61.00 | chronic HF HFpEF (79.3%) NR | 27.9 | 1year | FP | 57.50% | an age-associated medical syndrome characterised by increased vulnerability to even minor stressors, which manifests as higher risk of adverse health outcomes including disability, hospitalisation and death |
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Vidán 2016 Spanin | 416 80.0±6.1 49.50 | chronic HF HFpEF (51.0%) NR | 25.5 | 1 year | FP | 76% | a geriatric syndrome of increased vulnerability to stressors due to cumulative declines across different physiological systems |
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Chaudhry 2013 USA | 758 79.7±6.2 50.50 | Newly diagnosed HF HFpEF (56.8%) NR | 30.3 | 20 years | Grip strength Gait speed | 41.8% (for both grip strength and gait speed) | NR |
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Chiarantini 2010 Italy | 157 80.0±0.5 49.70 | Decompensated HF HFpEF (46.0%) 43.4±14.7 | 59.9 | median follow-up of 444 days | SPPB | 50.9% (SPPB 0-4) | NR |
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Madan 2016 USA | 40 74.9± 6.5 57.50 | Advanced HF HFrEF(100%) 25.6 ± 6.4 | 100 | 454 ± 186 days | FP | 65% | a biological syndrome defined as a decreased homeostatic reserve leading to an increased vulnerability to stressors and adverse outcomes |
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Pulignano 2016 Italy | 331 78.0±5.2 42.30 | chronic HF HFpEF (19.9%) 34.6±11.6 | 51.4 | 1year | Gait speed | 34.7% (⩽0.65 m/s) | a syndrome of loss of reserves that enhances vulnerability to stressors (e.g., concomitant acute illnesses, hospitalizations, medical procedures) |
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