|
First Author
Year
Country | N
Age (M±SD)
Female % | HF Type
HFr/pEF %
Mean EF % | NYHA Class III-IV % | Follow Up Duration | Frailty
Measure | Frailty
Prevalence | Frailty Definition |
|
Boxer
2010
USA | 59
77.0
28.81 | chronic HF
HFrEF(100%)
NR | 42.4 | 4 years | FP | 25.40% | a poor ability to cope with physiologic stress |
|
Cacciatore
2005
Italy | 120
75.9± 6.7
60.00 | chronic HF
NR
NR | NR | 12 years | FSS | 54.2%
(FSS 2-3) | includes not only hospitalization, health service utilization, caregiver stress, but also age–associated sensory deficits, functional impairment or degree of disability, cognitive and behavioural deficits, and lack of social support |
|
Martín-Sánchez 2017
Spanin | 465
82.4 ±7.2
61.00 | Acute HF
NR
NR | 23.1 | 30days | Modified FP(self reported) | 36.30% | a dynamic and nonlinear process that describes a state of vulnerability (reduced system reserves and capacity of response to stress situations) to stressors in older populations |
|
Pulignano
2006
Italy | 190
77.0±5.0
46.30 | chronic HF
NR
32.94±10 | NR | 1year | FSS | 40%
FSS(2-4) | a clinical state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes such as disability and mortality |
|
Rodríguez-Pascual 2017
Spanin | 497
85.2±7.3
61.00 | chronic HF
HFpEF (79.3%)
NR | 27.9 | 1year | FP | 57.50% | an age-associated medical syndrome characterised by increased vulnerability to even minor stressors, which manifests as higher risk of adverse health outcomes including disability, hospitalisation and death |
|
Vidán
2016
Spanin | 416
80.0±6.1
49.50 | chronic HF
HFpEF (51.0%)
NR | 25.5 | 1 year | FP | 76% | a geriatric syndrome of increased vulnerability to stressors due to cumulative declines across different physiological systems |
|
Chaudhry
2013
USA | 758
79.7±6.2
50.50 | Newly diagnosed HF
HFpEF (56.8%)
NR | 30.3 | 20 years | Grip strength Gait speed | 41.8%
(for both grip strength and gait speed) | NR |
|
Chiarantini
2010
Italy | 157
80.0±0.5
49.70 | Decompensated HF
HFpEF (46.0%)
43.4±14.7 | 59.9 | median follow-up of 444 days | SPPB | 50.9%
(SPPB 0-4) | NR |
|
Madan
2016
USA | 40
74.9± 6.5
57.50 | Advanced HF
HFrEF(100%)
25.6 ± 6.4 | 100 | 454 ± 186 days | FP | 65% | a biological syndrome defined as a decreased homeostatic reserve leading to an increased vulnerability to stressors and adverse outcomes |
|
Pulignano
2016
Italy | 331
78.0±5.2
42.30 | chronic HF
HFpEF (19.9%)
34.6±11.6 | 51.4 | 1year | Gait speed | 34.7%
(⩽0.65 m/s) | a syndrome of loss of reserves that enhances vulnerability to stressors (e.g., concomitant acute illnesses, hospitalizations, medical procedures) |
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