Increased Risk for Hip Fractures among Patients with Cholangitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Table 2

The adjusted hazard ratio of hip fracture in different risk factors.

Variables	N	Event	Crude HR (95%CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)
Cholangitis
No	10915	366	1.00	1.00
Yes	2735	101	1.28 (1.03-1.61)	1.29 (1.03-1.61)
Sex
Women	6457	279	1.00	1.00
Men	7193	188	0.63 (0.53-0.76)	0.64 (0.53-0.79)
Age	13650	467	1.12 (1.11-1.13)	1.11 (1.10-1.12)
Comorbidities
Hypertension
No	6715	120	1.00	1.00
Yes	6935	347	3.26 (2.65-4.01)	1.07 (0.84-1.34)
Diabetes
No	10554	316	1.00	1.00
Yes	3096	151	1.87 (1.54-2.27)	1.23 (1.00-1.5)
Epilepsy
No	13492	462	1.00	1.00
Yes	158	5	1.25 (0.52-3.01)	0.83 (0.34-2.01)
IHD
No	9731	251	1.00	1.00
Yes	3919	216	2.47 (2.06-2.97)	0.98 (0.80-1.21)
COPD
No	10813	307	1.00	1.00
Yes	2837	160	2.39 (1.98-2.90)	1.13 (0.92-1.40)
Stroke
No	10834	287	1.00	1.00
Yes	2816	180	2.96 (2.45-3.56)	1.26 (1.03-1.55)
Live cirrhosis
No	13243	452	1.00	1.00
Yes	407	15	1.53 (0.92-2.56)	1.43 (0.85-2.40)
Osteoporosis
No	11583	331
Yes	2067	136	2.56 (2.09-3.12)	1.06 (0.85-1.33)
ESRD
No	13537	460	1.00	1.00
Yes	113	7	2.89 (1.37-6.11)	3.07 (1.45-6.52)
Steroid
No	9511	303	1.00	1.00
Yes	4139	164	1.51 (1.25-1.83)	1.10 (0.9-1.35)

IHD: ischemic heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ESRD: end-stage renal disease.
HR, hazard ratio; adjusted HR^†: multiple analysis including age, sex, each comorbidity, and oral steroid used.