Pinocembrin Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Expands the Therapeutic Time Window for Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment in a Rat Thromboembolic Stroke Model

Figure 1

Combination of t-PA and PCB reduces EB leakage in the ischemic brain after 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours of thromboembolic stroke with 2-hour reperfusion. (a) Distribution of PCB in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min after the injection. (b) Schematic diagram of the overall experimental design. (c) Focal CBF change during the thrombolysis. Agents were administered at 2, 4, 6, or 8 h after ischemia onset. The time points stand for time (1) before the occlusion, (2) at occlusion, and (3) 2 h after administration. (d) Representative brain slices showing EB leakage in the ischemic tissue. (e) Quantification of EB extravasation is expressed as nanogram per gram of brain tissue (μg/ml). (f) Effect of combination therapy on reducing the brain edema as measured by brain swelling. versus thromboembolic stroke treated with t-PA; versus thromboembolic stroke treated with vehicle saline. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM ().

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