BioMed Research International

Research Article

Evaluating Vitamin D Status in Pre- and Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetics and Its Association with Glucose Homeostasis

Table 3

Biochemical, hemodynamic, and anthropometric characteristics of the study participants stratified by stage of menopause.


Variables	Premenopausal	Postmenopausal	value

Biochemical parameters
FBG (mmol/L)	10.5 ± 5.03	9.60 ± 4.34	0.187
TCHOL (mmol/L)	4.58 ± 1.30	4.96 ± 1.29	0.044
TG (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.60	1.36 ± 0.76	0.157
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.28 ± 0.47	1.29 ± 0.39	0.873
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.75 ± 1.00	3.05 ± 1.16	0.056
HbA1c (%)	8.42 ± 2.77	7.71 ± 2.24	0.053
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.18 ± 0.3	2.17 ± 0.25	0.911
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	15.85 ± 4.73	20.45± 4.87	<0.0001
Vitamin D (nmol/L)	22.08 ± 5.98	19.73 ± 6.05	0.0002
HOMA-IR	6.98 ± 3.01	3.03 ± 0.64	<0.0001
HOMA-β	103.46 ± 188.65	82.66 ± 52.91	0.304
Anthropometry
Height (m)	1.59 ± 0.63	1.59 ± 0.08	1.000
Weight (kg)	71.83 ± 13.85	70.67 ± 13.85	0.563
BMI (kg/m²)	28.32 ± 5.07	28.13 ± 5.54	0.804
WC (m)	0.97 ± 0.15	0.98 ± 0.13	0.623
HC (m)	1.04 ± 0.10	1.05 ± 0.13	0.550
WHR	0.94 ± 0.14	0.94 ± 0.08	1.000
WHtR	0.61 ± 0.09	0.62 ± 0.09	0.286
BAI	33.89 ± 5.41	34.69 ± 7.61	0.401
VAI	2.24 ± 1.50	2.50 ± 2.05	0.316
Hemodynamic profile
Systole	131.52 ± 22.39	140.01 ± 23.14	0.011
Diastole	79.89 ± 13.30	78.89 ± 12.01	0.586
MAP	97.20 ± 15.23	99.27 ± 14.24	0.332

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Students’ -test analysis was performed to compare means of pre- and postmenopausal T2DM women. was considered statistically significant ( values of significant variables are in bold print). FBG: fasting blood glucose; TCHOL: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1C: glycated haemoglobin; Calcium: total calcium; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; HOMA-β: Homeostasis Model Assessment-β; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist to hip ratio; WHtR: waist to height ratio; BAI: body adiposity index; VAI: visceral adiposity index; MAP: mean arterial pressure.