Eryptosis: An Erythrocyte’s Suicidal Type of Cell Death

Table 3

Diseases resulting in accelerated eryptosis. Activation mechanisms occur through Ca²⁺ ion entry, ceramide formation, and inhibition of ATP depletion.

Disease	Activation mechanism	References
Iron deficiency	Ca^2+	[66]
Phosphate depletion	ATP depletion	[67]
Neocytolysis	ATP depletion	[68]
Sepsis	Ceramide formation	[69]
Haemolytic anaemia	Ca^2+; ceramide formation; ATP depletion	[70]
Haemolytic uremic syndrome	Ca^2+; ceramide formation	[71]
Renal Insufficiency	Ca^2+	[61]
Malaria	Ca^2+	[72, 73]
Sickle cell disease	ATP depletion	[74–77]
Thalassemia	ATP depletion	[77–79]
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency	ATP depletion	[80]
Wilson’s disease	Ceramide formation	[35]
Anion exchanger 1 mutation	Ca^2+	[81]
Glucose transporter 1 mutation	Ca^2+	[82]