Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Univariate analysis of socioeconomic factors and daily living habits among women of reproductive age.

Clinical parameters	Total; (n=184)	Case; (n=97)	Control; (n=87)	OR; (95% CI)	P
Age
<40 y	155	87	68	2.431(1.061-5.568)	0.032
≥40 y	29	10	19	1.000
Residence
Rural area	53	32	21	0.646(0.338-1.236)	0.187
Town and city	131	65	66	1.000
Occupation
Farmer	34	21	13	1.592(0.737-3.436)	0.237
Employment	135	68	67	1.126(0.387-3.280)	0.828
Unemployment	15	8	7	1.000
Educational background
Secondary or below	75	42	33	1.250(0.692-2.256)	0.460
College or above	109	55	54	1.000
Drinking sweet drinks
Frequently	52	37	15	2.960(1.483-5.907)	0.002
Occasionally or never	132	60	72	1.000
Eating sweet foods
Frequently	61	47	14	2.685(2.442-9.839)	0.039
Occasionally or never	123	50	73	1.000
Doing regular exercise
Occasionally or never	162	91	71	3.418(1.272-9.182)	0.011
Frequently	22	6	16	1.000
Sedentary life
Yes	131	79	52	2.954(1.515-5.759)	0.001
No	53	18	35	1.000
Daily emotional state
Negative emotions (nervousness, anxiety, etc.)	109	70	39	3.191(1.729-5.890)	<0.001
Comfort	75	27	48	1.000
Usage of pad during nonmenstruation
No	145	66	79	0.387(0.093-0.501)	<0.001
Yes	39	31	8	1.000
Wiping direction after the toilet
Forward wiping	62	35	27	1.296(0.431-1.474)	0.311
Backward wiping	122	62	80	1.000
Frequency of underwear replacement
Over one day	10	6	4	1.500(0.199-2.681)	0.530
Less than one day	174	91	83	1.000
Frequency of wearing tights
Occasionally or never	151	73	78	0.351(0.153-0.805)	0.011
Frequently	33	24	9	1.000
Underwear material
Others	43	25	19	1.316(0.407-1.592)	0.367
Pure cotton	140	72	68	1.000

OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval; y: year; Case, patients with simple VVC; control, women with normal vaginal microflora.