Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Univariate analysis of previous history, reproductive history, and sexual behaviors among women of reproductive age.

Clinical parameters	Total; (n=184)	Case; (n=97)	Control; (n=87)	OR; (95% CI)	P
History of vaginitis
No	128	56	72	0.273(0.143-0.566)	0.001
Yes	56	41	15	1.000
Marriage status
Single	43	25	18	1.043(0.668-2.654)	0.801
Married	141	72	69	1.000
Frequency of intravaginal douching
Occasionally or never	144	70	74	0.455 (0.218-0.953)	0.030
Frequently	40	27	13	1.000
Frequency of cleaning the vulva
More than three days	42	21	21	1.000(0.578-2.293)	0.999
Less than two days	142	76	66	1.000
History of curettage
No	97	38	59	0.306(0.167-0.561)	<0.001
Yes	87	59	28	1.000
Contraceptive methods
Condom	124	56	68	0.382 (0.199-0.730)	0.003
Others (ligation, IUD, and so on)	60	41	19	1.000
Age at first sexual intercourse
≤20 y	36	28	8	4.007(1.714-9.371)	<0.001
>20 y	148	69	79	1.000
Sexual life during menstruation
Yes	22	14	8	1.623 (0.645-4.084)	0.300
No	160	83	77	1.000
Number of sexual partners
1	147	72	75	0.461(0.215-0.986)	0.037
≥2	37	25	12	1.000
Frequency of sexual life
More than twice a week	127	65	62	1.280(0.437-1.535)	0.355
Less than once a week	57	32	25	1.000
Cleaning the vulva before or after sexual life
Yes	142	69	73	0.473(0.230-0.972)	0.039
No	42	28	14	1.000

IUD: intrauterine device; y: year; OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval; Case, patients with simple VVC; control, women with normal vaginal microflora.