Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Table 3

Comparison of the primary outcomes involving VAS score, Constant score, ASEA score, and the ROM of various directions.

Time phases	Included studies	Chi	I^2 (%)	Z
Pain by VAS score
Baseline	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	5.57	0	1.69	0.09
2 to 3 weeks	②, ④, ⑦, ⑧	0.65	0	2.42	0.02
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ④, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	7.02	29	0.00	1.00
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	6.66	0	0.80	0.42
16 to 24 weeks	①, ⑤, ⑦, ⑨	4.64	35	0.08	0.93
Constant score
Baseline	①, ②, ⑤, ⑧	2.18	0	0.60	0.55
2 to 3 weeks	②, ⑧	0.04	0	1.11	0.27
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ⑤, ⑧	0.88	0	1.09	0.27
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ⑤, ⑧	5.05	41	0.57	0.57
16 to 24 weeks	②, ⑤	0.04	0	0.74	0.46
ASEA score
Baseline	④, ⑦	0.00	0	0.26	0.79
2 to 3 weeks	④, ⑦	2.55	61	0.92	0.36
4 to 6 weeks	④, ⑦	3.06	67	1.39	0.16
8 to 12 weeks	④, ⑦	3.19	65	1.34	0.16
16 to 24 weeks	⑦	—	—	—	—
Forward flexion
Baseline	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑨	5.43	0	0.49	0.62
2 to 3 weeks	①, ④, ⑥, ⑨	3.59	17	1.76	0.08
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑨	12.71	45	0.02	0.98
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑦, ⑨	8.96	33	0.79	0.43
16 to 24 weeks	①, ⑤, ⑦, ⑨	2.84	0	0.13	0.90
External rotation
Baseline	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	7.11	0	0.07	0.94
2 to 3 weeks	②, ④, ⑥, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	4.82	0	0.82	0.41
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	13.97	49	1.67	0.09
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨	8.91	21	0.35	0.73
16 to 24 weeks	②, ⑤, ⑦, ⑨	1.37	0	1.83	0.07
Abduction
Baseline	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑥, ⑧, ⑨	4.99	0	0.63	0.53
2 to 3 weeks	②, ④, ⑥, ⑧, ⑨	5.63	29	1.27	0.20
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ④, ⑥, ⑧, ⑨	9.26	46	0.35	0.73
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑧, ⑨	6.41	22	1.23	0.22
16 to 24 weeks	②, ⑨	0.78	0	0.50	0.62
Internal rotation
Baseline	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑨	9.46	47	0.57	0.57
2 to 3 weeks	②, ④, ⑨	0.16	0	0.32	0.75
4 to 6 weeks	①, ②, ④, ⑤, ⑨	1.63	0	0.14	0.89
8 to 12 weeks	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑨	11.06	55	2.38	0.02
16 to 24 weeks	②, ⑤, ⑨	1.94	0	1.18	0.24

①Sun et al. [21], ②Goyal et al. [20], ③Khallaf et al. [22], ④Cho et al. [2], ⑤Yoon et al. [19], ⑥Ghorai et al. [18], ⑦Shin and Lee [17], ⑧Oh et al. [16], and ⑨Rizk et al. [15].