BioMed Research International

Research Article

Intermittent Hypoxic Training at Lactate Threshold Intensity Improves Aiming Performance in Well-Trained Biathletes with Little Change of Cardiovascular Variables

Table 4

Mean values of selected shooting indicators recorded in the experimental and control groups (H, n = 7; C, n = 7) at rest and postincremental test in hypoxia (2000 m).

Variable

Group H

Cohen’s d

Group C

Cohen’s d

ANOVA

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

Time

Group

Interaction

RT9_rest (%)

57.42 ± 9.62

65.71 ± 7.36

60.14 ± 6.33

1.04

0.88

0.36

54.42 ± 4.19

57.80 ± 3.60

55.40 ± 2.63

0.94

0.82

0.31

F = 35.83;

F = 2.68;

F = 6.07;

RT9_post (%)

39.57 ± 7.72

50.14 ± 11.94

43.28 ± 8.65

1.13

0.71

0.49

38.85 ± 4.37

39.42 ± 4.75

37.85 ± 7.15

0.14

0.28

0.18

F = 8.23;

F = 2.11;

F = 6.10;

LVTT_rest (mm)

64.42 ± 17.43

59.00 ± 8.38

64.28 ± 7.29

0.43

0.73

0.01

64.00 ± 7.85

64.57 ± 12.63

66.42 ± 3.99

0.06

0.21

0.42

F = 0.78;

F = 0.29;

F = 0.52;

LVTT_post (mm)

106.14 ± 6.59

94.14 ± 5.92

103.50 ± 17.20

2.07

0.79

0.21

114.28 ± 10.96

112.85 ± 7.49

111.14 ± 7.42

0.16

0.20

0.31

F = 4.46;

F = 5.22;

F = 3.87;

LHTT_rest (mm)

75.75 ± 21.88

68.14 ± 11.06

70.71 ± 12.72

0.46

0.23

0.29

77.42 ± 15.26

74.85 ± 7.91

76.28 ± 11.11

0.23

0.16

0.09

F = 1.61;

F = 0.48;

F = 0.41;

LHTT_post (mm)

89.42 ± 16.45

77.74 ± 16.52

93.71 ± 17.93

0.77

1.00

0.27

107.42 ± 11.45

110.42 ± 12.47

117.42 ± 11.31

0.27

0.63

0.95

F = 3.70;

F = 16.78;

F = 1.51;

MTTS_rest (mm/s)

193.57 ± 11.80

172.85 ± 15.77

183.85 ± 18.55

1.61

0.69

0.67

186.00 ± 10.26

188.57 ± 16.76

191.28 ± 35.72

0.24

0.52

0.20

F = 5.96;

F = 4.97;

F = 1.96;

MTTS_post (mm/s)

281.42 ± 71.51

253.57 ± 61.82

266.42 ± 39.44

0.45

0.27

0.28

291.42 ± 33.30

288.57 ± 37.04

290.71 ± 30.33

0.09

0.07

0.02

F = 0.94;

F = 1.07;

F = 0.63;

Test series in hypoxia: S1_H, before training; S2_H, 3 and 4 days after training; S3_H, 14 and 15 days after training. Effect size: d₁, between S1_H and S2_H; d₂, between S2_H and S3_H; d₃, between S1_H and S3_H. , statistically significant differences in relation to initial measurements (S1_H). , statistically significant differences in relation to 3 days post-IHT measurements (S2_H). RT9, percent of retention time in the area of 9.0 during 20 s aiming test; LVTT, length of the vertical tracking trace; LHTT, length of the horizontal tracking trace; MTTS, maximum target tracking speed; rest, at rest; post, postexercise.