BioMed Research International

Research Article

Intermittent Hypoxic Training at Lactate Threshold Intensity Improves Aiming Performance in Well-Trained Biathletes with Little Change of Cardiovascular Variables

Table 6

Mean values of maximal workload and selected cardiorespiratory indices recorded in the experimental and control groups (H, n = 7; C, n = 7) during the incremental test in hypoxia (2000 m).

Variable

Group H

Cohen’s d

Group C

Cohen’s d

ANOVA

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

Time

Group

Interaction

WR_max (W)

347.85 ± 19.10

350.71 ± 16.97

349.42 ± 18.84

0.17

0.08

0.09

312.00 ± 26.08

314.14 ± 24.40

317.71 ± 22.35

0.09

0.16

0.25

F = 0.87;

F = 9.88;

F = 0.43;

VO_2max (l/min)

4162.00 ± 328.59

4250.42 ± 204.20

4199.14 ± 241.02

0.35

0.25

0.14

3894.71 ± 428.52

3918.57 ± 407.45

4056.14 ± 450.52

0.06

0.35

0.40

F = 2.35;

F = 1.83;

F = 2.18;

VO_2max (ml/kg/min)

56.83 ± 5.77

58.83 ± 4.58

57.83 ± 4.62

0.42

0.18

0.26

54.42 ± 4.07

55.14 ± 3.80

57.42 ± 2.29

0.20

0.79

0.98

F = 3.97;

F = 1.20;

F = 2.08;

VE_max (l/min)

167.17 ± 15.15

166.14 ± 17.99

171.41 ± 18.45

0.27

0.31

0.07

153.80 ± 10.46

155.57 ± 10.41

152.21 ± 9.25

0.18

0.37

0.17

F = 2.51;

F = 3.99;

F = 0.21;

RER_max

1.10 ± 0.05

1.15 ± 0.04

1.15 ± 0.02

1.23

0.14

1.31

1.15 ± 0.03

1.14 ± 0.02

1.12 ± 0.02

0.13

1.02

0.99

F = 2.43;

F = 0.11;

F = 6.67;

HR_max (bpm)

189.71 ± 5.96

187.85 ± 6.20

186.14 ± 7.55

0.33

0.27

0.57

193.42 ± 4.54

193.71 ± 4.95

191.42 ± 4.68

0.06

0.51

0.47

F = 4.17;

F = 3.02;

F = 0.62;

Test series in hypoxia: S1_H, before training; S2_H, 3 and 4 days after training; S3_H, 14 and 15 days after training. Effect size: d₁, between S1_H and S2_H; d₂, between S2_H and S3_H; d₃, between S1_H and S3_H. , statistically significant differences in relation to initial measurements (S1_H). WR_max, maximal workload during the incremental test; VO_2max, maximal oxygen uptake; VE_max, maximal ventilation; RER_max, maximal respiratory ratio during the incremental test; HR_max, maximal heart rate.