|
| Author (year) | Country | Study period | Study size no | No of cases | Study design | BMI (kg/m2) | RR (95%CI) | Adjustment factors | Study conclusion | NOS |
|
| Persson, 2017 | Sweden | 2001-2014 | 1,243,957 | 20,074 | Cohort study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
30.0-34.9
35.0-39.9
≥40.0 | 0.99(0.90-1.09)
1.00
1.05(1.01-1.08)
1.15(1.09-1.20)
1.26(1.16-1.37)
1.44(1.27-1.63) | Maternal age, height, parity, early pregnancy, smoking status, education level, maternal country of birth, family situation, sex of offspring | Risks of infants CHDs progressively increased with increasing severity of maternal overweight and obesity. | 8 |
|
| Warrick, 2015 | The United States | 2005-2011 | 18,226 | 117 | Cohort study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.61(0.22-1.67)
1.00
0.63(0.39-1.03)
0.90(0.57-1.45) | NA | No significant differences in maternal obesity between
mothers with and without CHDs infants were shown. | 7 |
|
| Brite, 2014 | The United States | 2002-2008 | 121,815 | 1,388 | Cohort study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.08(0.85-1.38)
1.00
1.15(1.01-1.32)
1.26(1.09-1.44) | Site, maternal age, race, insurance, maternal smoking | Increasing maternal weight class was associated with increased risk for CHDs in infants. | 7 |
|
| Rankin, 2010 | England | 2003-2005 | 30,703 | 270 | Cohort study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.55(0.90-2.66)
1.00
0.75(0.55-1.02)
1.16(0.84-1.59) | Maternal age, ethnicity, pre-gestational diabetes, cigarette smoking status, index of multiple deprivation. | No significant associations were found between maternal BMI and infants CHDs risk. | 7 |
|
| Cedergren, 2006 | Sweden | 1992-2001 | 770,355 | 6,346 | Cohort study | <20.0
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.97(0.89-1.05)
1.00
1.03(0.97-1.09)
1.18(1.09-1.29) | NA | Maternal obesity was more common in pregnancies with infants affected by CHDs. | 7 |
|
| Moore, 2000 | The United States | 1984-1987 | 22,951 | 60 | Cohort study | <25.0
25.0-27.9
≥28.0 | 1.00
0.67(0.24-1.86)
0.93(0.37-2.34) | NA | There was no evidence of an excess risk of CHDs in infants among the obese women. | 7 |
|
| Tang, 2015 | The United States | 1997-2008 | 2,147 | 553 | Case-control study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.64(0.35-1.15)
1.00
1.38(1.09-1.75)
1.56(1.21-2.00) | NA | The risk of CHDs was closely
related to maternal obesity. | 7 |
|
| Gharderian, 2013 | The United States | 2011-2012 | 322 | 164 | Case-control study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.85(0.32-2.27)
1.00
1.28(0.78-2.09)
1.11(0.57-2.16) | NA | There might not be a relation between maternal BMI and having a child with CHDs. | 7 |
|
| Madsen, 2012 | The United States | 1992-2007 | 107,901 | 7,547 | Case-control study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.02(0.91-1.15)
1.00
1.03(0.97-1.10)
1.22(1.15-1.30) | Gestational diabetes | The significant association between infants CHDs and maternal obesity was confirmed. | 8 |
|
| Gilboa, 2010 | The United States | 1998-2003 | 12,113 | 6,440 | Case-control study | <18.5
18.5-24.9
25.0-29.9
30.0-34.9
≥35.0 | 0.96(0.80-1.16)
1.00
1.16(1.05-1.29)
1.15(1.00-1.32)
1.31(1.11-1.56) | Maternal age, race-ethnicity, education, hypertension, parity, smoking, folic acid supplement use | Mothers of CHDs infants were more likely than mothers of control infants to
be overweight, moderately obese or severely obese. | 7 |
|
| Mills, 2010 | The United States | 1993-2003 | 63,696 | 7,392 | Case-control study | <19.0
19.0-24.0
25.0-29.0
≥30.0 | 1.00(0.91-1.10)
1.00
1.00(0.94-1.06)
1.15(1.07-1.23) | Maternal age, education, race, smoking, and payment method for health care. | Obese, but not overweight, women are at significantly
increased risk of bearing children with CHDs. | 8 |
|
| Oddy, 2009 | Australia | 1997-2000 | 529 | 111 | Case-control study | <20.0
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.74(0.40-1.36)
1.00
0.79(0.45-1.41)
1.34(0.63-2.84) | Marital status, maternal age, maternal education and periconceptional folic acid supplementation | No significant associations were found between maternal BMI and infants CHDs risk. | 8 |
|
| Khalil, 2008 | Saudi Arabia | 1998-2005 | 428 | 214 | Case-control study | 19.0-25.0
30.0-34.9
≥35.0 | 1.00
0.78(0.51-1.19)
1.57(0.84-2.92) | NA | No association was found between maternal weight and isolated CHDs in the offspring. | 7 |
|
| Shaw, 2008 | The United States | 1999-2004 | 1578 | 278 | Case-control study | <18.5.
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 0.84(0.46-1.56)
1.00
1.18(0.87-1.60)
0.75(0.49-1.15) | NA | The association between maternal BMI and CHDs in infants was not significant. | 7 |
|
| Waller, 2007 | The United States | 1997-2002 | 8032 | 4128 | Case-control study | <18.5.
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.12(0.93-1.36)
1.00
1.13(1.01-1.26)
1.40(1.24-1.59) | Maternal age, ethnicity, education, parity, smoking in the month prior to conception, and supplemental folic acid intake | Obesity or overweight women had a modest increase in the risk of infants CHDs. | 8 |
|
| Martinez, 2005 | Spain | 1976-2001 | 6973 | 813 | Case-control study | ≤20.9
21.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.00(0.83-1.20)
1.00
1.17(0.97-1.41)
1.16(0.87-1.56) | NA | Maternal overweight or obesity did not increase the risk of CHDs in infants. | 7 |
|
| Watkins, 2003 | The United States | 1993-1997 | 525 | 195 | Case-control study | <18.5.
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
≥30.0 | 1.70(0.90-3.10)
1.00
2.00(1.20-3.10)
2.00(1.20-3.40) | NA | The significant association between infants CHDs and maternal obesity was confirmed. | 7 |
|
| Cedergren 2002 | Sweden | 1982-1996 | 677 | 231 | Case-control study | <19.8.
19.8-25.9
26.0-28.9
≥29.0 | 1.46(0.97-2.21)
1.00
1.16(0.64-2.09)
1.68(0.94-3.00) | NA | The associations between maternal BMI and infants CHDs risk was not confirmed. | 7 |
|
| Watkins, 2001 | The United States | 1982-1983 | 3618 | 851 | Case-control study | <16.5.
16.5-19.8
19.9-22.7
22.8-26.0
26.1-29.0
>29.0 | 0.78(0.55-1.11)
0.97(0.81-1.17)
1.00
0.84(0.67-1.06)
1.37(0.92-2.03)
1.24(0.80-1.90) | Race, birth period, age, education, alcohol use, smoking, chronic illness, and vitamin use | There might not be a relation between maternal BMI and having a child with CHDs. | 8 |
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