Review Article
Maternal Body Mass Index and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Table 2
Subgroup analysis of maternal BMI and CHDs risk in infants.
| | Study | Overweight | Obesity | | | No.of studies | RR (95%CI) | I2(%) | No.of studies | RR (95%CI) | I2(%) |
| | All studies | 18 | 1.08(1.03-1.13) | 54.5 | 19 | 1.23(1.17-1.29) | 48.3 | | Study design | | | | | | | | Cohort | 6 | 1.03(0.96-1.11) | 56.9 | 6 | 1.22(1.15-1.31) | 53.2 | | Case-control | 12 | 1.13(1.05-1.21) | 56.1 | 13 | 1.24(1.15-1.33) | 48.7 | | Study location | | | | | | | | The United States | 12 | 1.12(1.04-1.21) | 62.7 | 12 | 1.24(1.15-1.32) | 48.3 | | Not the United States | 6 | 1.04(0.99-1.10) | 30.4 | 7 | 1.22(1.14-1.32) | 52.1 | | Sample sizes | | | | | | | | Less than 10000 | 9 | 1.21(1.10-1.34) | 16.1 | 10 | 1.27(1.08-1.49) | 49.3 | | More than 10000 | 9 | 1.04(1.00-1.09) | 54.9 | 9 | 1.21(1.16-1.26) | 38.8 | | Adjustment factors | | | | | | | | Maternal age | | | | | | | | Yes | 8 | 1.07(1.01-1.14) | 58.3 | 8 | 1.24(1.17-1.31) | 54.1 | | No | 10 | 1.11(1.01-1.22) | 56.2 | 11 | 1.20(1.08-1.33) | 47.0 | | Maternal smoking | | | | | | | | Yes | 7 | 1.07(1.01-1.14) | 62.1 | 7 | 1.24(1.17-1.31) | 58.5 | | No | 11 | 1.10(1.00-1.21) | 53.5 | 12 | 1.20(1.09-1.33) | 42.4 | | Maternal education | | | | | | | | Yes | 6 | 1.07(1.01-1.13) | 52.4 | 6 | 1.24(1.17-1.33) | 62.5 | | No | 12 | 1.09(1.00-1.19) | 59.1 | 13 | 1.21(1.11-1.31) | 38.6 |
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BMI, body mass index; CHDs, congenital heart defects; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.
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