Administration of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates A<i>β</i><sub>1-42</sub>-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Activating <i>β</i>-Catenin Signaling

<div><i>Effect of rTMS on the activities of GSK-3<i>β</i>, Tau, and <i>β</i>-catenin in AD mice</i>. AD symptoms were induced with intracranial injection of 3 <i>μ</i>l <svg height="12.7178pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 33.4662 12.7178" width="33.4662pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.983,0)"><path d="M558 587C558 666 497 712 432 712C379 712 330 691 284 650C212 586 178 508 148 348L71 -65C49 -185 35 -229 23 -235L27 -261C49 -259 101 -251 124 -224C131 -216 138 -178 159 -24C171 66 197 200 227 356C264 550 295 668 393 668C443 668 479 632 479 575C479 516 446 458 383 418C361 404 344 398 318 397L296 350C395 338 460 281 460 192C460 110 411 40 300 40C258 40 215 55 192 69L181 51C191 18 222 -16 266 -16C308 -16 351 1 397 26C471 67 545 142 545 221C545 315 486 365 401 395C469 437 558 498 558 587Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.211,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.643,3.132)"><path d="M300 253H71L57 198H286L300 253Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.894,3.132)"><path d="M462 177V227H365V632H320C217 496 116 350 21 208V177H284V109C284 43 280 38 190 31V0H451V31C369 38 365 43 365 108V177H462ZM284 227H88C155 336 218 430 282 519H284V227Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.326,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg> (1 <i>μ</i>g/<i>μ</i>l) and then treated with rTMS of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. The activities of GSK-3<i>β</i>, Tau, and <i>β</i>-catenin were detected with western blotting assay. “<svg height="6.01072pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.04980993pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.75925 6.01072" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M471 153C471 170 463 194 452 212C400 220 373 229 322 255C373 281 400 290 452 298C463 316 471 339 471 357C456 366 431 371 410 370C377 329 356 310 308 279C311 336 317 364 336 413C326 432 310 451 294 459C279 451 262 432 252 413C271 364 277 336 280 279C232 310 211 329 178 370C157 371 132 367 117 357C117 340 125 316 136 298C188 290 215 281 266 255C215 229 188 220 136 212C125 194 117 171 117 153C132 144 157 139 178 140C211 181 232 200 280 231C277 174 271 146 252 97C262 78 278 59 294 51C309 59 326 78 336 97C317 146 311 174 308 231C356 200 377 181 410 140C431 139 456 143 471 153Z"></path></g></svg>” represents statistically significant different from Sham group,<i> P</i> &lt; 0.05. “#” represents statistically significant different from AD group,<i> P</i> &lt; 0.05. Each assay was represented by six replicates.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Administration of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates A<i>β</i><sub>1-42</sub>-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Activating <i>β</i>-Catenin Signaling 

Figure 5 | Administration of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates Aβ1-42-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Activating β-Catenin Signaling 