Improving Ethyl Acetate Production in Baijiu Manufacture by Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mixed Culture Fermentations
Table 3
The volatile compounds in the different simulated solid-state fermentations (μg/kg).
Volatile compounds
A
B
C
D
Odor thresholds (g/L)
Ethanol
521±4
723±7
535±11
150±3
100,000
Isoamyl alcohol
27±1
133±2
-
-
179,190.83
β-Phenethyl alcohol
695±13
3,436±24
53±1
19±
28,922.73
1-Octen-3-ol
12±1
115±2
236±9
732±24
6.12
2-Phenyl-propan-2-ol
-
166±9
35±1
-
/
Higher alcohols
1,255
4,573
859
901
Ethyl acetate
833±9
625±7
64±1
-
32,551.60
Ethyl caprylate
57±1
76±3
45±2
-
12.87
Ethyl caprate
-
23±
22±
-
1122.30
Ethyl phenylacetate
39±2
182±8
-
-
406.83
Ethyl isovalerate
-
73±27
-
-
6.89
Dimethyl phthalate
9±
18±
23±1
-
/
Ethyl tetradecanoate
34±
87±2
-
-
800
Dibutyl phthalate
64±
322±10
-
-
/
Ethyl pentadecanoate
-
87±23
-
-
7,000
Ethyl 9-hexadecenoic acid
9±
88±3
-
-
1,500
Ethyl palmitate
584±10
1,632±20
-
-
2,000
Ethyl oleate
587±10
1,563±21
-
-
/
Esters
2,216
4,776
154
-
2-Octanone
583±10
861±23
464±6
288±9
/
Acetophenone
157±8
36±2
-
-
/
3-Octanone
-
62±1
33±
143±1
/
Ketones
740
959
497
431
Methyl catechol
981±3
2,361±19
-
57±3
23
4-Vinylguaiacol
2,153±12
94±4
87±2
-
1,100
4-Ethylguaiacol
-
11,609±29
23±1
64±2
33
Phenols
3,134
14,064
110
121
Isooctanoic acid
13±
21±1
11±
-
/
Isovaleric acid
-
93±17
-
-
1045.47
Acids
13
114
11
-
Azulene
109±2
253±5
23±
127±6
/
Styrene
23±
114±2
-
-
80
1-Caryophyllene
114±3
108±6
-
-
/
Alkenes
246
475
23
127
Pentadecane
32±
44±2
-
74±3
/
Hexadecane
23±
52±1
18±1
-
300,000-400,000
Eicosane
9±
18±1
-
-
/
Alkanes
64
114
18
74
Phenylacetaldehyde
-
22±
13±
-
5.2
Sum
7,668
25,075
1,672
1,654
A: Only S. cerevisiae Y3401 and W. anomalus Y3604 were in the solid-state fermentations system; B: S. cerevisiae Y3401, W. anomalus Y3604 and Daqu were in the solid-state fermentations system; C, Only Daqu was in the solid-state fermentations system; D, no inoculation was in the solid-state fermentations system. Note: Data are average of three replicates ± standard deviations; “-”, not detected; Same lowercase letters in each line do not differ significantly at 5% probability by Duncan’s multiple range tests; “/”, not available.
