Controlled Release of Vancomycin and Tigecycline from an Orthopaedic Implant Coating Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Infection in an Open Fracture Animal Model

Figure 1

(a) The structure of PEG-PPS polymer used to coat metal implants. (b) The visualization of the polymer coating is demonstrated by a model molecule, rhodamine, which was dispersed in the PEG-PPS coating solution prior to coating (−, bare titanium pin; +3(w/v)% PEG-PPS-coated pin containing rhodamine; ++, 6(w/v) % PEG-PPS-coated pin containing rhodamine). (c) Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the surfaces of a bare titanium pin, a titanium pin-coated with PEG-PPS containing vancomycin, and a titanium pin-coated with PEG-PPS containing tigecycline. (d) In vitro release of vancomycin from 3 to 6 (w/v)% of PEG-PPS-coated titanium K-wires in 150 μl of PBS at 37°C. (e) Daily release vancomycin per pin quantified via HPLC (N = 3, mean ± SEM). (f) A higher magnification of the surface morphology and the X-ray microanalysis of available elements on the surface of a PEG-PPS-coated titanium pin.

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