Correlations of Expression Levels of a Panel of Genes (IRF5, STAT4, TNFSF4, MECP2, and TLR7) and Cytokine Levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Outcomes in Jordanian Patients

Table 1

Plasma levels of cytokines in SLE patients and healthy controls. Cytokine levels were determined in 100 μl of plasma from each participant. The concentrations of human TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. N was 50 and 51 for the controls and the patients, respectively.

Cytokine type	Cytokine	Control	IQR (pg/ml)	SLE patients	IQR (pg/ml)
		Median (pg/ml)		Median (pg/ml)
Th1 cytokines	IL-2	16.90	(11.39, 26.01)	11.15	(2.76, 24.33)	0.0374
	IFN-γ	26.80	(13.64, 70.20)	25.39	(13.08, 44.33)	0.4190
	TNF-α	8.35	(1.99, 26.90)	9.31	(4.78, 32.56)	0.0029
	IL-12	0.00	(0.00, 3.34)	2.86	(0.00, 20.91	0.0078
Th2 cytokines	IL-6	2.84	(1.61, 4.80)	7.21	(4.54, 14.56)	< 0.0001
	IL-10	25.08	(9.00, 47.15)	43.03	(29.29, 59.06)	0.0008

is considered statistically significant using the Mann–Whitney test. IQR: interquartile range (25 percentile and 75 percentile).