Correlations of Expression Levels of a Panel of Genes (IRF5, STAT4, TNFSF4, MECP2, and TLR7) and Cytokine Levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Outcomes in Jordanian Patients

Table 2

Cytokine levels (pg/ml) in SLE patients with low or high disease activity. Cytokine levels were determined in 100 μl of plasma from each participant. The concentrations of human TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA.

Cytokine		Low activity (n = 29)	High activity (n = 22)
Th1	TNF-α	17.5 (6.79, 42.84)	6.5 (3.47, 11.93)	0.017
	IFN-γ	31.1 (15.81, 48.89)	19.1 (8.17, 33.57)	0.047
	IL-2	10.9 (2.05, 29.36)	11.2 (4.14, 17.62)	0.542
	IL-12	2.9 (0, 16.83)	8.2 (0, 32.37)	0.576
Th2	IL-6	7.2 (4.27, 14.77)	8.2 (4.65, 15.02)	0.621
	IL-10	39.8 (22.25, 49.22)	52.6 (34.66, 85.85)	0.023
Th2/Th1	IL10/IL-2	2.2 (0.79, 9.59)	4.7 (2.71, 14.9)	0.045

High disease activity = SLEDAI ≥ 10, low disease activity = SLEDAI < 10. is considered statistically significant using the Mann–Whitney test. Values are median and (25 percentile and 75 percentile).