Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol

Table 1

The multifunctional activities of magnolol.

Category	Models	Doses	Biological activities	Ref.
Anti-inflammation	UC mice	25, 50, and 100 mg/kg	TNFα↓, IL-1β↓, IL-12↓, PPARγ↑, NF-κB↓, ZO-1↑, occludin↑	[3]
	LPS-induced ALI rats	10 and 20 mg/kg	PPARγ↑, NF-κB↓, COX-2↓, iNOS↓, ROS↓, lung edema↓	[34]
	A549	20 and 50 μmol/L	ICAM-1↓, NF-κB↓, p38↓, ERK1/2↓, SAPK/JNK↓	[35]
	LPS-induced MUECs	12.5, 25, 50μg/mL	TNFα↓, IL-6↓, p-ERK↓, p-JNK↓, p-p38↓, NF-κB↓, MAPK↓	[38]
	LPS-induced MMECs	12.5, 25, 50μg/mL	IL-1, TNFα↓, IL-6↓, p-p65↓, p-IκBα↓, p-ERK↓, p-p38↓, p-JNK↓	[39]
Anti- microorganism	LPS-induced RAW 264.7	5, 10, and 20μM	Nrf-2/HO-1↑, NF-κB↓, iNOS↓, COX-2↓, PGE2↓, NO↓	[4]
	MT8148	10, 20, and 50μg/mL	Good penetration and bactericidal activity on MT8148 biofilm	[43]
	Channel catfish	2, 4, 8, and 16μg/mL	Inhibit hemolytic activity of supernatants from A. hydrophila culture	[44]
Anti-oxidation	SAM	10 and 30 mg/kg	4-HNE↓, iNOS↓, p-p38 MAPK↓, IL-1β, TNFα↓, IL-6↓	[6]
	3T3-L1	5, 10, and 20μM	ROS↓, FAS↓,SREBP1↓, UCP1↑, Cd137↑, Prdm16↑, Cidea↑, Tbx1↑, PGC-1α↑, CPT1↑, ACSL1↑, SIRT1↑, PLIN↑	[7]
	SH-5Y5Y	8, 16, and 32μM	ROS↓, JNK/mitochondrial caspases↓, PI3K/MEK/ERK↓, PI3K/Akt/FOXO1↓	[49]
Anti-cancer	U87MG and LN229	20 and 40μM	Cyclin A↓, cyclin D1↓, CDK 2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, p-PI3K↓, p-Akt↓, p-p38↓, p-JNK↓, Ki67↓, p-ERK↑	[11]
	U373	10, 20, and 40μM	Arrest at G0/G1 phase, cyclin D1↓, cyclin A↓, CDK2↓, p21/Cip1↑	[50]
	U373	100μM	p27/Kip1↑, ↑phosphorylation of cSrc, ERK, p38, and Akt.	[51]
	CCA	20 and 40μM	Ki67↓, PCNA↓, MMP-2↓, MMP-7↓, MMP-9↓, CyclinD1↓, p-IκBα↓, p-p65↓	[52]
	Mice bladder cancer	10 mg/kg/d	Myostatin↓, activin A↓, p-Akt↑, p-FOXO3↑, IGF-1↑, p-mTOR↑, p-p70S6K↑, p-4EBP-1↑	[53]
	HUVECs	0.1, 0.5, and 1μM	Inhibit VEGF-stimulated proliferation, chemotactic motility, tube formation, and vessel sprouting, MEK/ERK↓, PI3K/Akt↓	[54]
Neuroprotection	Scop-induced mice	15, 25, and 35 mg/kg	AChE↑, total SOD↑, NOS↑, MDA↑	[55]
	CORT-induced rats	50 and 100 mg/kg	FST↑, TST↑, BDNF↑, 5-HT↑, NE↑	[56]
	I/R mice	1.4, 7.0, and 35 μg/kg	Decrease cerebral infarct volume, brain water content, and the exudation of Evans blue	[57]
Cardiovascular protection	SHR and HUVECs	100 mg/kg/d and 10μM	Restore insulin-mediated Akt, eNOS, and aorta vasolidation, PPARγ↑, TRB3↓	[15]
	VSMCs	5, 10, 20, and 30μM	Arrest at G0/G1, cyclinD1↓, cyclinE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, p-ERK1/2↓, NF-κB↓	[16]
	HAECs	5μM	JNK/p38 phosphorylation↓, HuR translocation↓, NF-κB↓, VCAM-1↓	[58]
Metabolism regulation	RAW 264.7	20, 40, and 60μM	ADRP↓, lipolysis↓	[17]
	3T3-L1	1 and 10μM	Enhances adipocytes differentiation and glucose uptake	[59]