Improvement of Disease Management and Cost Effectiveness in Chinese Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Using a Smart-Phone Management System: A Prospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) categorised by disease duration.
Characteristics
All patients with AS (n =1201)
Duration≤5 years (n = 384)
Duration>5 years and ≤10 years (n = 420)
Duration > 10 years (n = 397)
P valu
Age, mean (S.D.), years
30.6 (8.7)
26.8(8.0)
29.3(7.3)
35.7(8.5)
<0.001
Age at disease onset, mean (S.D.), years
22.2 (7.7)
24.2 (8.1)
22.0 (7.2)
20.5 (7.4)
<0.001
Disease duration, mean (S.D.), years
8.4 (6.1)
2.6 (1.4)
7.3 (1.4)
15.2 (5.2)
<0.001
Male gender, %
82.6
79.4
84.0
84.1
0.139
HLA-B27 positive, %
88.9
88.6
89.9
88.3
0.748
Smoker, %
33.0
28.1
33.5
37.2
0.025
Family history of AS, %
25.3
23.9
24.1
28.1
0.317
Past history or current symptoms of, %
Cervical spine pain
53.3
35.8
52.9
70.5
<0.001
Hip pain
69.0
63.1
70.7
72.8
0.010
Knee pain
40.5
38.8
40.0
42.7
0.525
AAU
21.0
12.9
19.0
31.1
<0.001
IBD
9.4
6.3
9.4
12.5
0.013
Psoriasis
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.8
0.935
Physical examination, %
Peripheral arthritis
13.6
14.0
12.3
14.5
0.706
Enthesitis
23.7
25.3
24.1
21.8
0.608
PGA, mean (S.D.)
3.0(2.1)
2.8 (2.1)
3.0 (2.1)
3.3 (2.2)
0.004
PhGA, mean (S.D.)
2.2 (1.4)
2.1 (1.3)
2.1 (1.3)
2.4 (1.4)
<0.001
BASDAI, mean (S.D.)
2.4 (1.7)
2.2 (1.7)
2.3 (1.7)
2.6 (1.8)
0.003
BASFI, mean (S.D.)
1.6 (1.7)
1.4 (1.6)
1.5 (1.6)
2.0 (1.9)
<0.001
BASMI, mean (S.D.)
1.7 (2.0)
1.0 (1.7)
1.4 (1.9)
2.5 (2.2)
<0.001
ASAS HI, mean (S.D.)
5.4 (3.8)
5.2 (3.6)
5.1(3.8)
5.8 (3.9)
0.041
CRP, mean (S.D.), mg/L
14.0 (24.6)
12.3 (21.8)
13.9 (21.7)
15.7 (29.5)
0.257
Elevated CRP, %
48.2
41.4
46.8
56.1
0.002
ESR, mean (S.D.), mm/hour
16.5 (17.8)
14.2 (16.0)
16.7 (19.2)
18.3 (17.7)
0.018
Elevated ESR, %
26.7
21.9
27.9
29.9
0.072
ASDAS, mean (S.D.)
2.2(1.0)
2.0 (1.0)
2.1 (1.0)
2.3 (1.0)
<0.001
AS: ankylosing spondylitis, PGA: Patient’s global assessment, PhGA: Physician’s global assessment, BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, ASAS HI: The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society Health Index, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, HLA: human leukocyte antigen, AAU: acute anterior uveitis, and IBD: inflammatory bowel disease. P < 0.05.
