Intestinal Immunomodulation and Shifts on the Gut Microbiota of BALB/c Mice Promoted by Two Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Human Samples
Figure 1
Cytokines ((a) to (f)) (pg/mL) in tissue of small intestine (left part of graphs) and large intestine (right part of graphs) and cytokine ratios in the large intestine ((g) to (i)) of BALB/c mice after a daily administration during 8 days of the vehicle (PBS) (white boxes), fresh B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA 20020 (grey boxes), lyophilized B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA 20020 (dotted grey boxes), and fresh L. gasseri IPLA 20212 (striped white boxes). For each cytokine and cytokines ratio, the box and whiskers plot represents median, interquartile range, and minimum and maximum values obtained from each group of animals. A one-way ANOVA test and a DMS post hoc test were used to compare IL-10, IL-6, and IFNγ in the small intestine and TNFα and IL-6 in the large intestine tissues among the four groups of mice whereas the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise comparison with Dunn’s tests was applied to the comparison of TNFα in the small intestine tissue, INFϒ and IL-10 in the large intestine tissue, and IL-2, IL-12 and TNFα/IL-10, IFNγ/IL-10, and IL10/IL-12 ratios in the small and large intestine tissues among the four groups of animals. Different letters above the boxes indicate significant differences in small intestine, large intestine, and cytokine ratios in the large intestine, among the four groups of animals receiving different probiotics or vehicle (p < 0.05).