Research Article

Skin Color and Severe Maternal Outcomes: Evidence from the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity

Box 1

The WHO criteria for potentially life-threatening conditions and maternal near miss .
(A) Criteria for potentially life-threatening conditions
Hemorrhagic disorders        Hypertensive disorders
Abruptio placentae          Severe preeclampsia
Accreta/increta/percreta placenta      Eclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy            Severe hypertension
Postpartum Hemorrhage           Hypertensive encephalopathy
Ruptured uterus                 HELLP syndrome
Other systemic disorders       Severe Management Indicators
Endometritis             Blood transfusion
Pulmonary edema          Central venous access
Respiratory failure          Hysterectomy
Seizures               ICU admission
Sepsis               Prolonged hospital stay (>7 postpartum days)
Shock               Non-anesthetic Intubation
Thrombocytopenia <100.000          Return to operating room
Thyroid crisis                 Surgical intervention
(B) Criteria for maternal near miss criteria
Clinical criteria
Acute cyanosis               Loss of consciousness lasting ≥12 hours
Gasping                     Loss of consciousness AND absence of pulse/heart
                     beat
Respiratory rate >40 or <6/min           Stroke
Shock                      Uncontrollable fit/total paralysis
Oliguria non-responsive to fluids or diuretics         Jaundice in the presence of pre-eclampsia
Clotting failure
Laboratory-based criteria
Oxygen saturation <90% for ≥60 minutes     pH <7.1
PaO2/FiO2 <200 mmHg               Lactate >5 mmol/L
Creatinine ≥300 mmol/l or ≥3.5 mg/dl       Acute thrombocytopenia (<50 000 platelets)
Bilirubin>100 mmol/l or > 6.0 mg/dl       Loss of consciousness AND the presence of glucose
                      and ketoacidosis in urine
Management-based criteria
Use of continuous vasoactive drugs        Intubation and ventilation for ≥60 minutes
                      not related to anesthesia
Hysterectomy following infection/hemorrhage       Dialysis for acute renal failure
Transfusion of ≥5 units of red cell transfusion      Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)