Relationships between Metabolic Comorbidities and Occurrence, Severity, and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Narrative Review

Table 1

Clinical studies on the relationships between different metabolic factors and occurrence, severity, and outcome of acute pancreatitis.

Reference	Study design	Metabolic factors	Study conclusion
De Waele et al. [32]	Prospective study	Obesity	Body overweight and obesity represent a risk of more “severe” disease and the number and type of complications increase in categories of increasing BMI in acute biliary pancreatitis
Hong et al. [33]	Meta-analysis	Obesity	Obesity is not only associated with an increased risk of AP development, but it is also a poor prognostic factor for AP
Anderson et al. [56]	Retrospective observational study	Hyperlipdemia	A reduction of serum triglyceride concentrations to <5.65 mmol/L reduces abdominal pain in patients with AP and improves clinical outcomes
Xu et al. [68]	Retrospective cohort study	Fatty liver	Fatty liver could influence the severity and clinical outcome and may play a prognostic role in AP
Mikolasevic et al. [71]	Retrospective cohort study	Fatty liver	Presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver at admission can indicate a higher risk of developing more severe forms of acute pancreatitis and could be used as an additional prognostic tool
Nawaz et al. [88]	Retrospective cohort study	Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes did not have an effect on the course of AP
Shen et al. [87]	Retrospective cohort study	Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes may adversely affect the disease process of AP, it seems to protect patients from AP-related mortality

BMI = Body mass index, AP = Acute pancreatitis.