Assessment of the Levels of Level of Biomarkers of Bone Matrix Glycoproteins and Inflammatory Cytokines from Saudi Parkinson Patients

Figure 1

IL-1ß cytokine is upregulated in the PD. Results of inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α are differentiated between the PD and control (C) subjects. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. An unpaired t-test was used for comparison (n = 50); p < 0.001.