Diabetes Prevention: Knowledge and Perception of Risk among Italian Population
Table 2
Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis to characterize factors associated with the different outcomes of interest using a Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) analysis.
Model 1: knowledge of the main risk and protective factors of diabetes
OR
SE
95% CI
value
Educational level
College degree or higher
1
No formal education/elementary/middle school
0.1
0.04
0.05–0.23
<0.001
High school
0.24
0.07
0.13–0.44
<0.001
Who have close relatives with diabetes
2.31
0.65
1.33–4.02
0.003
Age > 40 years
1.99
0.71
0.99–3.99
0.052
Smoking status
Smokers
1
No smokers
1.74
0.57
0.92–3.33
0.088
Ex-smokers
1.62
0.64
0.74–3.51
0.225
Who have at least a chronic disease
1.68
0.55
0.88–3.19
0.111
Perception of personal health status
0.66
0.19
0.38–1.14
0.142
Female
1.58
0.51
0.83–2.98
0.157
Physicians as source of information about diabetes
1.26
0.34
0.74–2.14
0.399
Employment status
0.95
0.32
0.49–1.83
0.876
Medication use
1.01
0.37
0.49–2.09
0.971
Model 2: risk perception for developing diabetes
Coeff.
SE
95% CI
value
Perception of personal health status
−0.13
0.03
−0.19 to 0.08
<0.001
Who need additional information about diabetes
0.16
0.03
0.11–0.22
<0.001
Educational level
College degree or higher
1
No formal education/elementary/middle school
−0.17
0.04
−0.25 to 0.08
<0.001
High school
−0.1
0.04
−0.19 to 0.02
0.014
Who have a higher BMI
0.01
0.004
0.004–0.02
0.002
Female
0.09
0.03
0.03–0.14
0.003
Who have close relatives with diabetes
0.07
0.03
0.01–0.12
0.020
Age > 40
0.07
0.03
0.006–0.12
0.032
Who have at least a chronic disease
0.07
0.03
0.002–0.13
0.044
Who have more than one child
0.06
0.04
−0.02 to 0.13
0.134
Medication use
0.02
0.04
−0.05 to 0.09
0.587
Knowledge of the main risk and protective factors of diabetes
0.006
0.04
−0.07 to 0.09
0.875
Marital status
−0.001
0.04
−0.09 to 0.08
0.973
Model 3: worry of getting diabetes
Coeff.
SE
95% CI
value
Educational level
College degree or higher
1
No formal education/elementary/middle school
0.36
0.1
0.16–0.56
0.001
High school
0.2
0.09
0.02–0.38
0.033
Who need additional information about diabetes
0.17
0.06
0.04–0.3
0.010
Who have a higher BMI
0.01
0.009
−0.002 to 0.03
0.089
Perception of personal health status
−0.11
0.07
−0.24 to 0.02
0.096
Age ≤ 40
−0.11
0.07
−0.26 to 0.03
0.133
Employment status
−0.11
0.08
−0.28 to 0.05
0.177
Female
0.09
0.08
−0.07 to 0.25
0.281
Who have more than one child
0.09
0.09
−0.09 to 0.27
0.315
Knowledge of the main risk and protective factors of diabetes
