Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from Humans and Retail Red Meat

Table 2

The presence of virulence genes in 191 Enterococcus faecalis and 51 Enterococcus faecium isolates originating from human clinical specimens and red meat.

Virulence; gene	Human clinical specimens; No. of isolates		Red meat; No. of isolates
	E. faecalis	E. faecium	E. faecalis	E. faecium
ace	54	4	92	0
asa1	46	2	38	0
cylA	32	2	6	0
efaA	69	4	115	0
esp	51	21	13	0
gelE	63	2	79	0
hyl	2	16	0	0
Total	71	30	120	21

ace: collagen‐binding protein; asa1: aggregation substance; cylA: cytolysin; efaA: endocarditis antigen; esp: enterococcal surface protein; gelE: gelatinase; hyl: hyaluronidase.
Note: significant associations (the Fisher’s exact test) of the presence of virulence gene and origin of isolation for each species are indicated with asterisks. Significance levels: <0.0005; <0.0001.