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| Author | MSC origin | Tumor model | MSC: tumor cell ratio | Outcomes | Mechanisms |
|
| Ho, Ivy AW et al. [28] | Human bone marrow-derived MSCs | Primary human glioma cells | 1:1 (coinjection) | Reduction in tumor volume and vascular density | Secretion of soluble factors inhibiting endothelial progenitor cells recruitment and impaired tumor angiogenesis |
|
| Leng, Liang et al. [29] | Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs | Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 | 1:1 (injection of MDA-MB-231 first, injection of MSCs 13 days later) | Antitumor effect | Inhibited tumor angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis |
|
| Meleshina, Aleksandra V. et al. [30] | Human bone marrow-derived MSCs | MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line | 1:1 (MDAMB-231-Turbo FP650 cells injection fist, injection of MSCs 10 days later) | Suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis | Reduced proliferative activity of cancer cells |
|
| Dasari, Venkata Ramesh et al. [31] | Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs | Two high-grade human glioma cell lines (SNB19 and U251) and two xenograft cell lines (4910 and 5310) | 1:4 (MSCs injection 7 days after tumor implantation) | Inhibited tumor growth | Upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in tumors induced cellular death through decreasing XIAP expression |
|
| Xie, Chan et al. [32] | Human bone marrow-derived MSCs (interferon beta (IFN-β) modified) | HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 | 300:1 (MSC injection 3 days after HCC inoculation) | Inhibition of HCC proliferation | Inhibition of AKT/FOCO3a pathway |
|
| Wu, Ning et al. [33] | Human umbilical cords-derived MSCs (transfection of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) | Liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 | 1:5 (MSC injection 24 h after tumor implantation) | Inhibited HCC proliferation and invasion | Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC cells |
|
| François, Sabine et al. [20] | MSCs from human or rat bone marrow | Colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT-116, LS513, and CC531) | N/A | Attenuation of tumor progression | Modulation of immune component |
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