Evaluation of Urine Reagent Strip as a Tool for Routine Diagnosis of Maternal Urogenital Schistosomiasis at Antenatal Clinic Visit in Munyenge, South West Region, Cameroon

Table 3

Association between S. haematobium egg infection status and infection intensity, proteinuria, and microhaematuria.

Association between S. haematobium infection status, microhaematuria, and proteinuria
ANC visit	Indicators		Number	S. haematobium infection status		^# value
				Pos % (n)	Neg % (n)
1^st visit	Microhaematuia	Pos	13	92.3 (12)	7.7 (1)	<0.001
		Neg	80	12.5 (10)	87.5 (70)
	Proteinuria	Pos	5	60.0 (3)	40.0 (2)	0.049
		Neg	88	21.6 (19)	78.4 (69)
2^nd visit	Microhaematuria	Pos	13	100.0 (13)	0.0 (0)	<0.001
		Neg	80	11.2 (9)	88.8 (71)
	Proteinuria	Pos	1	0.0 (0)	100.0 (1)	0.576
		Neg	92	23.9 (22)	76.1 (70)
3^rd visit	Microhaematuria	Pos	14	92.9 (13)	7.1 (1)	<0.001
		Neg	79	11.4 (9)	88.6 (70)
	Proteinuria	Pos	4	0.0 (0)	100.0 (4)	0.255
		Neg	89	24.7 (22)	75.3 (67)
Association between infection intensity and microhaematuria
ANC visit	Status	N		Mean (±SD) egg load/10 ml urine (range)		^& value
1^st visit	Eggs/microhaematuria	12		61.2 (62.1)		0.004
	Eggs/no microhaematuria	10		11.4 (15.7)
2^nd visit	Eggs/microhaematuria	13		41.6 (37.6)		<0.001
	Eggs/no microhaematuria	9		9.1 (7.3)
3^rd visit	Eggs/microhaematuria	13		38.3 (29.4)		0.017
	Eggs/no microhaematuria	9		10.7 (7.4)

^# = Chi-square test, ^& = Mann–Whitney U test, Pos = positive, Neg = negative.