Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in People with a Previous Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Nationwide Retrospective Population-Based Case-Control Study

Table 3

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using patients’ characteristics as predictors for the development of CAD with/without a previous diagnosis of CTS, with analyses stratifying for sex, age, and comorbidities.

Variable	No CTS		CTS		Crude ORs		Adjusted ORs^§
	No CAD	CAD	No CAD	CAD	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Sex
Female	32,471 (46.69)	31,924 (46.43)	763 (71.11)	1,310 (70.39)	1.75 (1.60-1.91)	<.0001	1.51 (1.37-1.66)	<.0001
Male	37,078 (53.31)	36,837 (53.57)	310 (28.89)	551 (29.61)	1.79 (1.56-2.06)	<.0001	1.30 (1.12-1.51)	0.0005
Age, years
<18	162 (0.23)	152 (0.22)	0 (0)	0 (0)	-	-	-	-
18–39	4,204 (6.04)	4,167 (6.06)	15 (1.40)	62(3.33)	4.17 (2.37-7.34)	<.0001	2.82 (1.53-5.20)	0.0009
40–65	39,253 (56.44)	38,654 (56.22)	714 (66.54)	1,313 (70.55)	1.87 (1.70-2.05)	<.0001	1.56 (1.41-1.72)	<.0001
>65	25,930 (37.28)	25,788 (37.5)	344 (32.06)	486 (26.11)	1.42 (1.24-1.63)	<.0001	1.18 (1.02-1.36)	0.0259
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus
No	59,218 (85.15)	50,409 (73.31)	824 (76.79)	1,288 (69.21)	1.84 (1.68-2.01)	<.0001	1.52 (1.38-1.67)	<.0001
Yes	10,331 (14.85)	18,352 (26.69)	249 (23.21)	573 (30.79)	1.30 (1.11-1.51)	0.0008	1.20 (1.03-1.40)	0.0205
Hypertension
No	45,868 (65.95)	24,477 (35.60)	565 (52.66)	662 (35.57)	1.73 (1.56-1.92)	<.0001	1.62 (1.45-1.81)	<.0001
Yes	23,681 (34.05)	44,284 (64.40)	508 (47.34)	1,199 (64.43)	1.20 (1.07-1.34)	0.0016	1.22 (1.09-1.37)	0.0007
Hyperlipidemia
No	55,923 (80.41)	42,161 (61.32)	630 (58.71)	823 (44.22)	2.20 (1.96-2.46)	<.0001	1.81 (1.61-2.04)	<.0001
Yes	13,626 (19.59)	26,600 (38.68)	443 (41.29)	1,038 (55.78)	1.26 (1.14-1.40)	<.0001	1.13 (1.02-1.26)	0.0215

^§Adjusted for CTS, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia by logistic regression analysis. The Reference group consisted of patients who were not using medications for CTS. CAD = coronary artery disease; CTS = carpal tunnel syndrome. P <0.05; P <0.01; P <0.001; for all comparisons between subpopulations with/without CAD with a previous diagnosis of CTS.