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Model system | Intervention | Dose and duration | Results | Conclusions | Ref. |
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Diet-induced obesity mice model | Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 (DSM 14870) | 1 × 109 CFU per day for 4 weeks | ↑ Serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels. ↑ Sperm kinetics ↑ Highly active motile sperm level. ↓ Non-motile sperm count. | DSM 14870 supplementation increased sperm kinetics and amount of active motile sperm in diet-induced obese mice. | [49] |
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Diet-induced obesity mice model | L. rhamnosus and ultrasound | 1 × 108 CFU per day for 8 weeks | ↓ Body weight, total body fat. ↓ Thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. Improved the plasma lipid profile. | L. rhamnosus supplementation with ultrasound treatment effectively reduced the fat content and improved lipid profile in diet-induced obese mice. | [50] |
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High-energy-diet-fed rats | L. reuteri 263 | 2.1 × 109 CFU per kg per day for 8 weeks or 1.05 ×1010 CFU per kg per day for 8 weeks | ↑ Proinflammatory factors and antioxidant enzymes. ↑ Oxygen consumption. ↑ Expression of genes associated with thermogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism. | L. reuteri 263 supplementation improved the obese condition via remodeling of energy metabolism in the high-energy-diet fed rat model. | [51] |
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High-fat diet rat | L. plantarum and L. fermentum | 1 × 108 CFU per day for 8 weeks | ↓ Fat vehicle sizes, liver steatosis, endotoxin, IL-6 level ↑ Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium content. | Probiotic supplementation altered the microbiota and inflammatory system in the high-fat-diet fed rat model. | [52] |
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High-fat-diet-induced obese mice | Soy-based probiotic drink (B. longum ATCC15707 and Enterococcus faecium CRL183) | 1 × 108 CFU per day for 70 days | ↓ IL-6, IL-10. ↓ Size of adipocytes, Body weight gain. ↑ Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus content. | Probiotic soy drink positively regulated the intestinal microbiota and immune profile of the high-fat-diet induced obese mice model. | [53] |
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High-fat-diet induced obese rat | Probiotic formula (L. rhamnosus LR5, L. acidophilus LA1, S. thermophilus ST3, B. longum BG7, B. lactis BL3, and B. bifidum BF3) | 1 × 107 CFU per day for 8 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↑ Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes, and Bifidobacterium content. ↓ Firmicutes Improved the serum level metabolic profile. | Probiotic supplementation diminished the consequences of high-fat-diet induced obesity in the high-fat-diet induced obese rat model. | [54] |
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