Amplatz versus Balloon for Tract Dilation in Ultrasonographically Guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 4

Complications of UPCN using Amplatz or balloon according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system.

Complications	Amplatz (n=33)	Balloon (n=33)	P
0 (no complication)	22(66.7)	22(66.7)	1
I (deviation from normal postop)
Fever more than 38.5°C	7(21.2)	6(18.2)	0.75
Transient Cr rise	1(3.0)	0	0.31
II (drugs other than grade I)
Transfusion	5(15.2)	4(12.1)	0.72
Urine leakage^b	0	0	NA
Urinary tract Infection	1(3.0)	0	0.31
IIIa (requiring local anesthesia)
Hydrothorax	0	1(3.0)	0.31
Double-J insertion	1(3.0)	0	0.31

a: patients with more than one complication are reported separately in each subgroup.
b: urine leakage more than 48 hours after removing the nephrostomy tube.
Data presented as frequency (column %) or mean ± SD.
NA=not applicable.