Vitamin D as a Principal Factor in Mediating Rheumatoid Arthritis-Derived Immune Response

Table 1

Summary of the relationship between serum VD levels and RA in different populations.

Character	Association	Population	Sample size	Reference
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Poland	97 cases, 28 controls	[132]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Meta-analysis	1,143 cases, 963 controls	[133]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	South European	120 cases, 65 controls	[134]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Croatia	53 RA patients	[135]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Caucasian (Argentina)	42 cases, 48 controls	[136]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	India	80 cases, 80 controls	[137]
Serum VD levels and RA, IL-17/IL-23, and bone loss	Inverse	Chinese	130 cases, 80 controls	[138]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Egypt	63 cases, 62 controls	[139]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Saudi Arabia	55 cases, 40 controls	[140]
Serum VD levels and RA and musculoskeletal pain	Inverse	Greece	44 cases, 44 controls	[141]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Meta-analysis	3,489 RA patients	[142]
Serum VD levels and RA, anti-CCP antibody	Inverse	Chinese	154 cases, 60 controls	[143]
Serum VD levels and RA & associated complexities	Inverse	13 European countries	625 cases, 276 controls	[144]
Serum VD levels and disease severity	Inverse	Iran	91 cases, 31 controls	[146]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Japan	4,793 RA patients	[150]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Italy	1,191 cases, 1,019 controls	[152]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	Italy	1,168 RA patients	[153]
Serum VD levels and RA associated depression and anxiety	Inverse	Northwest China	161 RA patients	[167]
Serum VD levels and neuropathic pain in RA patients	Inverse	Turkey	93 RA patients	[168]
Serum VD levels and RA	Inverse	COMORA cohort (15 countries)	1431 RA patients	[157]
Serum VD levels and ROS in RA patients	Inverse	India	100 cases, 50 controls	[169]
Combination therapy of VD + denosumab and H-BMD	Positive	Japan	22 monotherapy, 21 combination therapy	[159]
(i) Serum VD levels and RA; (ii) Serum VD levels and disease activity	(i) Inverse; (ii) No association	Turkey	55 cases, 45 controls	[147]
(i) Serum VD levels and disease activity; (ii) Serum VD levels and RA	(i) No association; (ii) Inverse	Iran	99 cases, 68 controls	[148]