Diagnostic Accuracy of Lever Sign Test in Acute, Chronic, and Postreconstructive ACL Injuries

Table 2

The effectiveness of 4 physical examination tests in acute and chronic (preanaesthesia) period.

		MR Rupture		Sensitivity	PPV	Specificity	NPV	Accuracy	Kappa	p
		(-)	(+)
Lachman Acute	(-)	10	12	80.6%	89.3%	62.5%	45.5%	76.9%	0.379	0.001
	(+)	6	50
Anterior-Drawer Acute	(-)	11	14	77.4%	90.6%	68.8%	44.0%	75.6%	0.382	0.001
	(+)	5	48
Pivot-Shift Acute	(-)	15	30	51.6%	97.0%	93.8%	33.3%	60.3%	0.271	0.001
	(+)	1	32
Lever Acute	(-)	15	5	91.9%	98.3%	93.8%	75.0%	92.3%	0.784	<0.001
	(+)	1	57
Lachman Preanesthesia	(-)	11	10	83.9%	91.2%	68.8%	52.4%	80.8%	0.472	<0.001
	(+)	5	52
Anterior-Drawer Preanesthesia	(-)	12	13	79.0%	92.5%	75.0%	48.0%	78.2%	0.447	<0.001
	(+)	4	49
Pivot-Shift Preanesthesia	(-)	15	27	56.5%	97.2%	93.8%	35.7%	64.1%	0.313	0.001
	(+)	1	35
Lever Preanesthesia	(-)	15	5	91.9%	98.3%	93.8%	75.0%	92.3%	0.784	<0.001
	(+)	1	57

Kappa Test
PPV: Positive predictive value, NPV: Negative predictive value, MR: Magnetic resonance