Do Statins Have a Positive Impact on Patients with Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction on Long-Term Clinical Outcome? A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population and comparison between statin treatment and non-statin treatment.

	ALL	Statin	Non-statin	P value
Age	61.71 ± 11.31	63.12 ± 12.71	61.49 ± 11.08	0.296
Female sex n (%)	561 (60.6)	178 (12.4)	383 (41.4)	<0.001
Smoking history n (%)	481 (52.0)	62 (6.7)	419 (45.3)	<0.001
BMI	24.61 ± 3.76	24.19 ± 4.11	24.69 ± 3.69	0.373
Hypertension n (%)	266 (28.8)	34 (3.7)	232 (25.1)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus n (%)	138 (14.9)	16 (1.7)	122 (13.2)	<0.001
CKD n (%)	99 (10.7)	17 (1.8)	82 (8.9)	0.088
Hyperlipemia n (%)	166 (17.9)	23 (2.5)	143 (15.5)	0.001
NYHA III/IV n (%)	118 (12.8)	15 (1.6)	103 (11.1)	0.002
AF/ AFL n (%)	19 (2.1)	2 (0.2)	17 (1.8)	0.162
PCI history n (%)	523 (56.5)	436 (47.1)	87 (9.4)	<0.001
CABG N (%)	1 (0.1)	1 (0.1)	0 (0)	0.076
Lipid profile
TC	4.73 ± 1.30	4.42 ± 1.24	4.79 ± 1.30	0.013
TG	1.74 ± 1.41	1.55 ± 1.03	1.77 ± 1.47	0.090
HDL-C	1.17 ± 0.32	1.16 ± 0.33	1.17 ± 0.32	0.740
LDL-C	2.95 ± 1.03	2.79 ± 0.99	2.97 ± 1.04	0.136
Glucose	6.30 ± 2.72	6.51 ± 2.83	6.25 ± 2.70	0.429
BUN	6.75 ± 3.77	8.30 ± 5.63	6.44 ± 3.19	0.001
Creatinine	121.72 ± 86.25	140.31 ± 104.53	118.00 ± 81.71	0.030
ALT	53.00 ± 107.31	87.31 ± 205.74	46.26 ± 72.44	0.046
AST	86.98 ± 175.80	87.41 ± 190.23	86.9 ± 173.02	0.989
CK-MB	55.20 ± 98.55	48.14 ± 106.52	56.47 ± 97.12	0.495
cTnT	6.97 ± 14.15	7.59 ± 15.22	6.87 ± 13.98	0.701
NT-proBNP	877.80 ± 1135.45	965.80 ± 1187.42	863.00 ± 1128.68	0.631
WBC	9.70 ± 3.44	9.91 ± 3.91	9.66 ± 3.34	0.514
Hemoglobin	128.89 ± 19.49	123.17 ± 22.41	130.06 ± 18.64	0.002
Platelet count	230.55 ± 70.56	230.80 ± 85.19	230.50 ± 67.26	0.972
Uric acid	384.77 ± 124.04	388.57 ± 123.12	384.05 ± 124.35	0.767
LVEF%	46.87 ± 10.60	45.38 ± 12.24	47.10 ± 10.33	0.297
Blood pressure
Diastolic pressure	78.18 ± 14.75	76.72 ± 14.84	78.41 ± 14.74	0.359
Systolic pressure	129.25 ± 25.24	125.24 ± 19.65	129.87 ± 25.95	0.056
Heart rate	74.30 ± 16.89	77.16 ± 19.49	73.73 ± 16.28	0.073
Medication
RAAS n (%)	482 (52.1)	166 (17.9)	316 (34.2)	<0.001
CCB n (%)	802 (86.7)	205 (22.2)	597 (64.5)	0.009
β-blocker n (%)	422 (45.6)	156 (16.9)	266 (28.8)	<0.001
Antisterone n (%)	742 (80.2)	195 (21.1)	547 (59.1)	0.002
Diuretic n (%)	678 (73.3)	174 (18.8)	504 (54.5)	0.067
Aspirin n (%)	273 (29.5)	182 (19.7)	91 (9.8)	<0.001
Clopidogrel/ticagrelor	192 (20.8)	156 (16.9)	36 (3.9)	<0.001
Follow time (Month)	63.08 ± 35.48	69.43 ± 37.24	61.07 ± 34.68	0.003
MACE n (%)	396 (42.8)	56 (6.1)	340 (36.8)	<0.001

BMI, Body Mass Index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; CCB, calcium channel blockers; BUN, urea nitrogen; WBC, white blood cell count; NYHA, New York Heart Association classification; Glu, glucose; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LVEF, left ventricular ejective fraction; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); MACE, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events