[Retracted] Novel Hybrid Gels Made of High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Induce Proliferation and Reduce Inflammation in an Osteoarthritis In Vitro Model Based on Human Synoviocytes and Chondrocytes

Figure 3

Analysis of synovial fluids of four patients affected by OA by the Pro-Human Cytokine Multiplex Assay. The levels of the following cytokines were analyzed; GM-CSF, INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (pg/mL). The results are reported as the average of values for each cytokine assessed in every sample compared to the average of the cytokine levels in healthy fluids. Data presented by Tsuchida et al. (2014) [17] and Papalia et al. (2016) [26] and here presented to easily obtain a direct comparison. T-test analyses were performed between each pathological cytokine with respect to their healthy control (p<0.01) in addition to pathological IL-2 and IL-8 levels with respect to healthy IL-6 level (§p<0.01).