Clinical Classification of Bone Augmentation Procedure Failures in the Atrophic Anterior Maxillae: Esthetic Consequences and Treatment Options

Table 1

Authors	Surgical procedure	Complication classification	Description of the complication
Merli et al. 2007	GBR	Major	Failure of the regeneration
		Minor	Partial loss of the graft
Verardi & Simion, 2007	GBR	Class I	Small soft tissue fenestration (≤ 3 mm)
		Class II	Opening wider than 3 mm
Fontana et al., 2011	GBR	Healing complications	Class I: Small membrane exposure without purulent exudate
			Class II: Large membrane exposure without purulent exudate
			Class III: Membrane exposure with purulent exudate
			Class IV: Abscess formation without membrane exposure
		Surgical complications	A: Flap damage
			B: Neurological complications
			C: Vascular complications
Jensen et al. 2016	GBR/Onlay	Soft tissue dehiscence	Separation of the suture line with exposure of the barrier membrane and/or the grafting material
		Infection	Pain, swelling, redness, fever and/or purulent discharge that require additional antibiotic treatment
		Additional augmentation procedures needed	At the time of implant placement, to obtain a sufficient implant stability and/or to create an optimal esthetic result after loss of a graft or an inadequate primary augmentation