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BioMed Research International

BioMed Research International / 2019 / Article / Tab 2

Clinical Study

Prebiotic Effect of Lycopene and Dark Chocolate on Gut Microbiome with Systemic Changes in Liver Metabolism, Skeletal Muscles and Skin in Moderately Obese Persons

Table 2

Changes in blood and tissue parameters after supplementation with GA lycopene for one month.
Parameters before and after 4 weeks of the trialGroups
IIIIIIIVV
Lycopene in serum, in ng/ml     
before110 ± 17110 ± 12210 ± 1990 ± 8.4120 ± 22
after500 ± 52310 ± 30430 ± 30190 ± 14170 ± 27
Lycopene in cerumen, in ng/g     
before53 ± 9.540 ± 5.570 ± 10.2750 ± 9314 ± 7.6
after102 ± 12.4100 ± 12.590 ± 11.52,500 ± 23712 ± 5.5
Triglycerides mg/dL     
before135±14.9155 ± 12.1128 ± 9.7126 ± 10.2122±13.5
after133± 11.5150 ± 11.3110 ± 8.5123 ± 10.1118 ± 11.7
LDL, in mg/dL     
before144±12.5143 ± 12.4121 ± 10.5137 ± 11.7131±12.1
after139 ± 10.1134 ± 11.2104 ± 9.8124 ± 10.3129 ± 10.2
HDL, in mg/dL     
before41.9±2.946.5 ± 3.749.8 ± 3.950.1 ± 4.244.0±2.2
after42.2 ± 3.147.8 ± 3.950.0 ± 4.651.2 ± 4.445.1 ± 2.4
IOD, in μM MDA     
before142 ± 9.2141 ± 12.7115 ± 10.9164 ± 5.8177 ± 12.1
after101 ± 8.792 ± 8.846 ± 4.542 ± 3.7153 ± 11.9
LDL-Px, in ELISA × 103     
before310 ± 29550 ± 61664 ± 63420 ± 45450 ± 41
after250 ± 24350 ± 29379 ± 34130 ± 12370 ± 32
Lipoprotein O2, in μM     
before4.07 ± 0.293.89 ± 0.353.86 ± 0.323.07 ± 0.293.67 ± 0.31
after5.26 ± 0.334.64 ± 0.334.55 ± 0.393.44 ± 0.275.27 ± 0.39
StO2, in AUC mm     
before81 ± 6.466 ± 5.267 ± 5.159 ± 4.476 ± 5.5
after88 ± 6.979 ± 6.183 ± 7.179 ± 6.376 ± 6.3
p < 0.05, p < 0.001.