Statins for the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease

Table 2

GRADE quality of evidence summary table.

Outcomes	Illustrative comparative (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No. of participants; (studies)	Quality of; the evidence; (GRADE)
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	Control group	Treatment group
Angina	Study population		RR 0.7	45820	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	11 per 1000	8 per 1000 (7 to 10)	(0.58 to 0.85)	(7 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	14 per 1000	10 per 1000 (8 to 12)
Non-fatal MI	Study population		RR 0.60	41191	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	21 per 1000	12 per 1000 (11 to 14)	(0.51 to 0.69)	(8 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	21 per 1000	13 per 1000 (11 to 14)
Fatal MI	Study population		RR 0.49	10975	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	4 per 1000	2 per 1000 (1 to 4)	(0.24 to 0.98)	(3 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	1 per 1000	0 per 1000 (0 to 1)
Any MI	Study population		RR 0.53	32594	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	12 per 1000	7 per 1000 (5 to 8)	(0.42 to 0.67)	(5 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	22 per 1000	12 per 1000 (9 to 15)
Any coronary heart events	Study population		RR 0.73	37395	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	82 per 1000	60 per 1000 (56 to 64)	(0.68 to 0.78)	(8 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	67 per 1000	49 per 1000 (46 to 52)
Coronary revascularization	Study population		RR 0.66	24139	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	27 per 1000	18 per 1000 (15 to 21)	(0.55 to 0.78)	(5 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	24 per 1000	16 per 1000 (13 to 19)
CHD deaths	Study population		RR 0.82	29818	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	12 per 1000	10 per 1000 (8 to 12)	(0.66 to 1.02)	(7 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	16 per 1000	13 per 1000 (11 to 16)
Any cardiovascular events	Study population		RR 0.77	32311	⊕⊕⊝ ⊝
	111 per 1000	85 per 1000 (80 to 91)	(0.72 to 0.82)	(5 studies)	low^1,2
	Moderate
	95 per 1000	73 per 1000 (68 to 78)
CVD deaths	Study population		RR 0.85	38935	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	20 per 1000	17 per 1000 (15 to 19)	(0.74 to 0.99)	(6 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	19 per 1000	16 per 1000 (14 to 19)
All-cause mortality	Study population		RR 0.88	53656	⊕⊕⊕ ⊝
	44 per 1000	38 per 1000 (33 to 44)	(0.76 to 1.01)	(9 studies)	moderate^1
	Moderate
	41 per 1000	36 per 1000 (31 to 41)

The basis for the assumed risk (e.g., the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio.
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.
High quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate.
¹The random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding in some studies were not clear.²The confidence interval was wide.