Controlled Release Strategies for the Combination of Fresh and Lyophilized Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Bone Tissue Regeneration

Figure 2

Effects of fresh and lyophilized PRF on BMSCs proliferation and mineralization. The five different conditional media used in the proliferation and mineralization study, fresh PRF, lyophilized PRF, and the fresh/lyophilized PRF conditional media at different concentrations (F:L=1:1, 1:3, 1:5) and with DMEM medium as a control. In (a-f, g-l), alizarin red staining in BMSCs cultured for 7 and 14 days was compared. (a and g) were control group; (b and h) were fresh PRF group; (c and i) were lyophilized PRF group; (d and j) were F:L=1:1 group; (e and k) were F:L=1:3 group; (f and l) were F:L=1:5 group. (m) illustrated the results of BMSCs proliferation assays and (n) were based on results from alizarin red S mineralization assays. Scale bars represent 100 μm. Statistically significant difference compared with control group P < 0.01, P < 0.05, with fresh/lyophilized PRF (1:1) group, ^##P < 0.01, ^#P < 0.05.