Salmonella Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Slovenia: The Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Strains with High Genetic Homogeneity and Low Biofilm-Forming Ability

Table 1

Overview of PFGE profiles, resistance patterns, and biofilm formation of Salmonella Infantis isolates from broiler farms collected between 2007 and 2013.

No	Farm ID	Isolate ID	Sampling time	Location	PFGE profile	Resistance pattern	ABF
1	SI-A-01	S-163/11	Sept 2011	broiler house 1	C1	CipNxSSuT	0.221
2		S-149/12	Aug 2012	broiler house 6	C1	CipNxSSuT	1.04
3		S-11/13	Feb 2013	broiler house 5	C1	CipNxSSuT	1.105
4		S-209/13	Sept 2013	broiler house 4	C1	CipNxSSuT	0.842
5	SI-A-02	S-99/10	May 2010	broiler house 1	B3	CipNxSuT	0.0855
6		S-243/10	Sept 2010	broiler house 2	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.113
7	SI-A-03	S-205/11	Nov 2011	na	C1	CipNxSSuT	0.959
8	SI-A-04	S-257/12	Nov 2012	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.7095
9		S-79/13	May 2013	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.3895
10	SI-A-05	S-141/12	Aug 2012	na	A2	ACipNxSSuT	0.129
11	SI-A-06	S-78/13	May 2013	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.4665
12	SI-A-07	S-244/10	Nov 2010	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.1055
13	SI-A-08	S-196/10a	Oct 2010	broiler house 2	C1	CipNxSuT	-0.0975
14		S-245/10	Nov 2010	broiler house 1	B1	sensitive	-0.1975
15		S-83/12	May 2012	broiler house 1	C3	CipNxSSuT	0.908
16	SI-A-09	S-101/12	June 2012	na	C1	CipNxSSuT	0.089
17	SI-A-10	S-72/11	June 2011	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	nd
18	SI-A-11	S-160/13	July 2013	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.3645
19	SI-A-12	S-74/13	May 2013	na	A1	ACipNxSSuT	0.373
20	SI-A-13	S-140/10	July 2010	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.1715
21		S-261/12	Dec 2012	broiler house 2	A3	CipNxSuT	0.7915
22	SI-A-14	S-251/12	Nov 2012	na	C2	CipNxSuT	1.4095
23	SI-A-15	S-142/13	June 2013	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.3
24	SI-A-16	S-210/13	Sept 2013	na	E2	A	0.358
25	SI-A-17	S-220/12	Nov 2012	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.724
26	SI-B-01	S-101/08	Apr 2013	na	D1	A	-0.033
27	SI-B-02	S-5/07	nr	nr	D1	S	0.081
28		S-12/07	nr	nr	D1	sensitive	0.4945
29	SI-B-NN	S-131/07	nr	nr	D2	sensitive	0.096
30		S-158/07	nr	nr	D1	sensitive	-0.1015
31		S-271/07	nr	nr	D1	sensitive	-0.005
32		S-222/08	Sept 2008	broiler house 1	D1	sensitive	-0.023
33	SI-C-01	S-27/11	Mar 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSuT	0.0855
34		S-185/11	Oct 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.105
35		S-250/11	Dec 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.6415
36		S-18/12	Jan 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.1885
37		S-53/12	Mar 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.9875
38		S-160/12	Sept 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	1.7655
39		S-219/12	Nov 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	1.6335
40	SI-C-02	S-184/11	Oct 2011	na	B1	CipNxSuT	0.4885
41	SI-C-03	S-129/10	June 2010	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.0375
42		S-124/13	June 2013	broiler house 1	E1	sensitive	1.3005
43	SI-C-04	S-186/11	Oct 2011	na	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.099
44	SI-C-05	S-187/13	Aug 2013	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.578
45	SI-C-06	S-12/12	Jan 2012	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.33
46	SI-C-07	S-188/11	Oct 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.02375
47		S-87/12	May 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.6115
48		S-274/12	Dec 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.2845
49	SI-C-08	S-207/11	Nov 2011	broiler house 2	B1	CipNxSSuT	1.857
50		S-180/12	Oct 2012	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.389
51	SI-C-09	S-204/08	Aug 2008	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	-0.079
52		S-97/10	Apr 2010	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSuT	0.1375
53		S-40/11	Apr 2011	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSuT	0.377
54		S-175/12	Oct 2012	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.997
55	SI-C-10	S-189/11	Oct 2011	na	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.23
56	SI-C-11	S-47/11	May 2011	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.116
57	SI-C-12	S-82/12	May 2012	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.3465
58		S-21/13	Feb 2013	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.9105
59	SI-C-13	S-41/12	Mar 2012	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.223
60	SI-C-14	S-30/11	Apr 2011	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSuT	0.2055
61		S-14/12	Jan 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	1.767
62	SI-C-15	S-3/08	Dec 2017	nr	A1	CipNxSSuT	-0.031
63		S-10/08	nr	nr	A1	CipNxSSuT	-0.063
64		S-213/09	Aug 2009	nr	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.0385
65		S-1/10	Dec 2009	nr	G	CipNxSuT	nd
66		S-59/10	Mar 2010	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSuT	-0.0155
67		S-48/11	May 2011	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSuT	0.4735
68		S-191/11	Nov 2011	broiler house 1	C4	CipNxSSuT	0.132
69		S-111/12	June 2012	broiler house 1	A1	CipNxSSuT	0.2665
70	SI-C-16	S-57/12	Apr 2012	na	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.4405
71	SI-C-17	S-26/11	Mar 2011	na	A1	CipNxSSuT	-0.229
72	SI-C-18	S-143/12	Aug 2012	na	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.2135
73	SI-C-19	S-149/10	Aug 2010	na	E2	CipNxSSuT	0.425
74	SI-C-20	S-20/13	Feb 2013	na	A1	SSuT	1.081
75	SI-C-21	S-223/09	Aug 2009	nr	B1	CipNxSuT	0.122
76		S-119/10	June 2010	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSuT	0.06
77		S-7/11	Feb 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	-0.158
78		S-166/11	Sept 2011	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.2375
79		S-60/12	Apr 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.9065
80		S-144/12	Aug 2012	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.4895
81		S-29/13	Mar 2013	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.731
82		S-215/13	Sept 2013	broiler house 1	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.754
83	SI-C-22	S-251/11	Dec 2011	broiler house 1	B2	CipNxSuT	nd
84		S-138/13	June 2013	broiler house 2	B1	CipNxSSuT	0.6405
85	SI-X-01	S-34/10	Feb 2010	broiler house 1	F	CipNxSSuT	0.1815
86		S-176/10	Sept 2010	broiler house 2	A1	CipNxSSuT	-0.0545
87	SI-X-02	S-73/12	Apr 2012	na	A1	ACipNxSSuT	0.079

The origin of the isolates is indicated by farm ID, consisting of capital letters SI-A, SI-B, SI-C (standing for three major food business operators, FBOs), and SI-X (standing for autonomously operating holdings, AOHs); while digits designate individual subcontractors of a certain FBO. Resistance pattern code: S, streptomycin, Su, sulfamethoxazole, Cip, ciprofloxacin, Nx, nalidixic acid, A, ampicillin, and T, tetracycline. Average biofilm formation measured as optical density at 595 nm (OD₅₉₅). Isolates classified as persistent. Not applicable. Test not performed. Data not recorded.