Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Table 1

Frequencies of elevated marker levels in the entire GCT cohort at diagnosis.

		bHCG elevated	AFP elevated	LDH elevated	bHCG and AFP elevated	bHCG and LDH elevated	AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG, AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG or AFP elevated	bHCG, AFP or LDH elevated
	N	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
		95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]
Entire GCT cohort	422	160 (37.9%)	108 (25.6%)	139 (32.9%)	67 (15.9%)	73 (17.3%)	46 (10.9%)	30 (7.1%)	201 (47.6%)	251 (59.5%)
		33.3 - 42.8	21.6 - 30.1	28.5 - 37.7	12.6 - 19.8	13.9 - 21.3	8.2 - 14.4	4.9 - 10.1	42.8 - 52.5	54.6 - 64.2
Pathological stage
pT1	222	59 (26.6%)	54 (24.3%)	48 (21.6%)	28 (12.6%)	14 (6.3%)	18 (8.1%)	9 (4.1%)	85 (38.3%)	110 (49.5%)
		21.0 - 33.0	18.9 - 30.6	16.5 - 27.7	8.7 - 17.9	3.6 - 10.6	5.0 - 12.7	2.0 - 7.8	31.9 - 45.1	42.8 - 56.3
>pT1	200	101 (50.5%)	54 (27.0%)	91 (45.5%)	39 (19.5%)	59 (29.5%)	28 (14.0%)	21 (10.5%)	116 (58.0%)	141 (70.5%)
		43.4 - 57.6	21.1 - 33.8	38.5 - 52.7	14.4 - 25.8	23.4 - 36.4	9.7 - 19.8	6.8 - 15.8	50.8 - 64.9	63.6 - 76.6
p-		<.0001	0.5294	<.0001	0.0532	<.0001	0.0503	0.0097	<.0001	<.0001
Clinical stage
CS1	281	86 (30.6%)	54 (19.2%)	64 (22.8%)	31 (11.0%)	25 (8.9%)	15 (5.3%)	8 (2.8%)	109 (38.8%)	141 (50.2%)
		25.3 - 36.4	14.9 - 24.4	18.1 - 28.2	7.7 - 15.4	6.0 - 13.0	3.1 - 8.8	1.3 - 5.7	33.1 - 44.8	44.2 - 56.2
CS2a,b	95	44 (46.3%)	33 (34.7%)	43 (45.3%)	22 (23.2%)	25 (26.3%)	18 (18.9%)	13 (13.7%)	55 (57.9%)	68 (71.6%)
		36.1 - 56.8	25.5 - 45.3	35.1 - 55.8	15.4 - 33.2	18.1 - 36.5	11.9 - 28.6	7.8 - 22.6	47.3 - 67.8	61.3 - 80.1
CS2c	17	9 (52.9%)	5 (29.4%)	11 (64.7%)	2 (11.8%)	7 (41.2%)	2 (11.8%)	1 (5.9%)	12 (70.6%)	15 (88.2%)
		28.5 - 76.1	11.4 - 56.0	38.6 - 84.7	2.1 - 37.7	19.4 - 66.5	2.1 - 37.7	0.3 - 30.8	44.0 - 88.6	62.3 - 97.9
CS3	29	21 (72.4%)	16 (55.2%)	21 (72.4%)	12 (41.4%)	16 (55.2%)	11 (37.9%)	8 (27.6%)	25 (86.2%)	27 (93.1%)
		52.5 - 86.6	36.0 - 73.0	52.5 - 86.6	24.1 - 60.9	36.0 - 73.0	21.3 - 57.6	13.4 - 47.5	67.4 - 95.5	75.8 - 98.8
p-		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Localisation
Right side	201	67 (33.3%)	47 (23.4%)	64 (31.8%)	27 (13.4%)	30 (14.9%)	21 (10.4%)	14 (7.0%)	87 (43.3%)	114 (56.7%)
		27.0 - 40.4	17.8 - 30.0	25.6 - 38.8	9.2 - 19.1	10.4 - 20.8	6.7 - 15.7	4.0 - 11.6	36.4 - 50.4	49.6 - 63.6
Left side	200	85 (42.5%)	56 (28.0%)	69 (34.5%)	37 (18.5%)	38 (19.0%)	22 (11.0%)	14 (7.0%)	104 (52.0%)	127 (63.5%)
		35.6 - 49.7	22.0 - 34.9	28.0 - 41.6	13.5 - 24.7	13.9 - 25.3	7.2 - 16.4	4.0 - 11.7	44.9 - 59.1	56.4 - 70.1
p-		0.0585	0.2900	0.5717	0.1660	0.2770	0.8582	0.9891	0.0806	0.1654
controls	208	0 (0.0%)	3 (1.4%)	17 (8.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (1.4%)	20 (9.6%)
		0.0 - 3.1	0.4 - 4.5	5.0 - 13.0	0.0 - 3.1	0.0 - 3.1	0.0 - 3.1	0.0 - 3.1	0.4 - 4.5	6.1 - 14.7

chi square test for comparisons.