Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Table 2

Frequencies of elevated marker levels in seminoma and nonseminoma at the time of diagnosis.

		bHCG elevated	AFP elevated	LDH elevated	bHCG and AFP elevated	bHCG and LDH elevated	AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG, AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG or AFP elevated	bHCG, AFP or LDH elevated
	N	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
		95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]
Seminoma	254	71 (28.0%)	7 (2.8%)	74 (29.1%)	1 (0.4%)	34 (13.4%)	4 (1.6%)	1 (0.4%)	77 (30.3%)	114 (44.9%)
		22.6 - 34.0	1.2 - 5.8	23.7 - 35.2	0.0 - 2.5	9.6 - 18.3	0.5 - 4.3	0.0 - 2.5	24.8 - 36.4	38.7 - 51.2
Nonseminoma	168	89 (53.0%)	101 (60.1%)	65 (38.7%)	66 (39.3%)	39 (23.2%)	42 (25.0%)	29 (17.3%)	124 (73.8%)	137 (81.5%)
		45.2 - 60.7	52.3 - 67.5	31.4 - 46.5	31.9 - 47.1	17.2 - 30.5	18.8 - 32.4	12.0 - 24.0	66.4 - 80.1	74.7 - 86.9
p-		<.0001	<.0001	0.0367	<.0001	0.0082	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
CS1 vs. >CS1 (Seminoma)
CS1	201	49 (24.4%)	4 (2.0%)	46 (22.9%)	0 (0.0%)	17 (8.5%)	3 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)	53 (26.4%)	79 (39.3%)
		18.7 - 31.0	0.6 - 5.3	17.4 - 29.4	0.0 - 2.3	5.2 - 13.4	0.4 - 4.7	0.0 - 2.3	20.5 - 33.1	32.6 - 46.4
>CS1	53	22 (41.5%)	3 (5.7%)	28 (52.8%)	1 (1.9%)	17 (32.1%)	1 (1.9%)	1 (1.9%)	24 (45.3%)	35 (66.0%)
		28.4 - 55.8	1.5 - 16.6	38.8 - 66.5	0.1 - 11.4	20.3 - 46.4	0.1 - 11.4	0.1 - 11.4	31.8 - 59.4	51.6 - 78.1
p-		0.0134	0.1465	<.0001	0.0510	<.0001	0.8375	0.0510	0.0077	0.0005
CS1 vs. >CS1 (Nonseminoma)
CS1	80	37 (46.3%)	50 (62.5%)	18 (22.5%)	31 (38.8%)	8 (10.0%)	12 (15.0%)	8 (10.0%)	56 (70.0%)	62 (77.5%)
		35.2 - 57.7	50.9 - 72.9	14.2 - 33.5	28.3 - 50.3	4.7 - 19.3	8.3 - 25.1	4.7 - 19.3	58.6 - 79.5	66.5 - 85.8
>CS1	88	52 (59.1%)	51 (58.0%)	47 (53.4%)	35 (39.8%)	31 (35.2%)	30 (34.1%)	21 (23.9%)	68 (77.3%)	75 (85.2%)
		48.1 - 69.3	47.0 - 68.2	42.5 - 64.0	29.7 - 50.8	25.5 - 46.2	24.5 - 45.1	15.7 - 34.4	66.9 - 85.2	75.7 - 91.6
p-		0.0958	0.5479	<.0001	0.8922	0.0001	0.0049	0.0193	0.2843	0.1972
Nonseminoma with teratoma
No teratoma	88	40 (45.5%)	43 (48.9%)	36 (40.9%)	27 (30.7%)	17 (19.3%)	20 (22.7%)	11 (12.5%)	56 (63.6%)	66 (75.0%)
		34.9 - 56.4	38.1 - 59.7	30.7 - 51.9	21.5 - 41.5	12.0 - 29.4	14.8 - 33.1	6.7 - 21.7	52.6 - 73.4	64.4 - 83.4
With teratoma	80	49 (61.3%)	58 (72.5%)	29 (36.3%)	39 (48.8%)	22 (27.5%)	22 (27.5%)	18 (22.5%)	68 (85.0%)	71 (88.8%)
		49.7 - 71.7	61.2 - 81.6	26.0 - 47.8	37.5 - 60.1	18.4 - 38.8	18.4 - 38.8	14.2 - 33.5	74.9 - 91.7	79.2 - 94.4
p-		0.0405	0.0018	0.5783	0.0166	0.1933	0.4464	0.0798	0.0017	0.0218

Chi square test for comparisons of subgroups.