Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Table 4

Frequencies of elevated marker levels of patients with CS1 in categories of primary tumour size.

Primary tumour size (categories)		bHCG elevated	AFP elevated	LDH elevated	bHCG and AFP elevated	bHCG and LDH elevated	AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG, AFP and LDH elevated	bHCG or AFP elevated	bHCG, AFP or LDH elevated
	N	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
		95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]	95% CI [%]
All GCT
<=1 cm	33	2 (6.1%)	4 (12.1%)	9 (27.3%)	1 (3.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (6.1%)	0 (0.0%)	5 (15.2%)	12 (36.4%)
		1.1 - 21.6	4.0 - 29.1	13.9 - 45.8	0.2 - 17.5	0.0 - 13.0	1.1 - 21.6	0.0 - 13.0	5.7 - 32.7	21.0 - 54.9
>1-2 cm	91	14 (15.4%)	10 (11.0%)	10 (11.0%)	6 (6.6%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	18 (19.8%)	27 (29.7%)
		9.0 - 24.8	5.7 - 19.7	5.7 - 19.7	2.7 - 14.3	0.1 - 6.8	0.1 - 6.8	0.1 - 6.8	12.4 - 29.7	20.8 - 40.3
>2-4 cm	87	31 (35.6%)	22 (25.3%)	16 (18.4%)	15 (17.2%)	5 (5.7%)	5 (5.7%)	3 (3.4%)	38 (43.7%)	47 (54.0%)
		25.9 - 46.7	16.8 - 35.9	11.2 - 28.4	10.3 - 27.2	2.1 - 13.5	2.1 - 13.5	0.9 - 10.5	33.2 - 54.7	43.0 - 64.6
>4-6 cm	46	20 (43.5%)	12 (26.1%)	14 (30.4%)	4 (8.7%)	6 (13.0%)	3 (6.5%)	1 (2.2%)	28 (60.9%)	34 (73.9%)
		29.2 - 58.8	14.8 - 41.4	18.2 - 45.9	2.8 - 21.7	5.4 - 27.0	1.7 - 18.9	0.1 - 13.0	45.4 - 74.5	58.6 - 85.2
>6 cm	23	18 (78.3%)	5 (21.7%)	14 (60.9%)	4 (17.4%)	12 (52.2%)	4 (17.4%)	3 (13.0%)	19 (82.6%)	20 (87.0%)
		55.8 - 91.7	8.3 - 44.2	38.8 - 79.5	5.7 - 39.5	31.1 - 72.6	5.7 - 39.5	3.4 - 34.7	60.5 - 94.3	65.3 - 96.6
p-		<.0001	0.0696	<.0001	0.0664	<.0001	0.0138	0.0075	<.0001	<.0001
Nonseminoma
<=1 cm	8	2 (25.0%)	2 (25.0%)	1 (12.5%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (37.5%)	4 (50.0%)
		4.5 - 64.4	4.5 - 64.4	0.7 - 53.3	0.7 - 53.3	0.0 - 40.2	0.0 - 40.2	0.0 - 40.2	10.2 - 74.1	17.4 - 82.6
>1-2 cm	29	9 (31.0%)	10 (34.5%)	4 (13.8%)	6 (20.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	13 (44.8%)	17 (58.6%)
		16.0 - 51.0	18.6 - 54.3	4.5 - 32.6	8.7 - 40.3	0.2 - 19.6	0.2 - 19.6	0.2 - 19.6	27.0 - 64.0	39.1 - 75.9
>2-4 cm	26	17 (65.4%)	21 (80.8%)	6 (23.1%)	15 (57.7%)	3 (11.5%)	5 (19.2%)	3 (11.5%)	23 (88.5%)	24 (92.3%)
		44.4 - 82.1	60.0 - 92.7	9.8 - 44.1	37.2 - 76.0	3.0 - 31.3	7.3 - 40.0	3.0 - 31.3	68.7 - 97.0	73.4 - 98.7
>4-6 cm	11	4 (36.4%)	11 (100.0%)	2 (18.2%)	4 (36.4%)	1 (9.1%)	2 (18.2%)	1 (9.1%)	11 (100.0%)	11 (100.0%)
		12.4 - 68.4	67.9 -100.0	3.2 - 52.2	12.4 - 68.4	0.5 - 42.9	3.2 - 52.2	0.5 - 42.9	67.9 -100.0	67.9 -100.0
>6 cm	5	4 (80.0%)	5 (100.0%)	4 (80.0%)	4 (80.0%)	3 (60.0%)	4 (80.0%)	3 (60.0%)	5 (100.0%)	5 (100.0%)
		29.9 - 98.9	46.3 -100.0	29.9 - 98.9	29.9 - 98.9	17.0 - 92.7	29.9 - 98.9	17.0 - 92.7	46.3 -100.0	46.3 -100.0
p-		0.0299	<.0001	0.0226	0.0075	0.0006	<.0001	0.0006	<.0001	0.0018

Chi square test for comparisons of subgroup.