The Association between Absence of Abdominal Pain and Mortality in Lower Intestinal Perforation in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Table 2

Factors associated with mortality during hospitalization in univariate analysis.

		OR	95% CI	P value
Age, years		1.06	1.01–1.11	0.02
Sex, female		0.57	0.17–1.94	0.36
Body weight, kg		1.04	0.99–1.09	0.08
History of abdominal surgery		2.12	0.63–7.10	0.23
Interstitial lung disease		3.15	0.96–10.3	0.06
Chronic kidney disease		6.89	1.85–25.7	0.004
Diabetes mellitus		1.18	0.35–3.92	0.79
Underlying disease	RA	0.65	0.08–5.09	0.68
	SLE	0.24	0.03–1.87	0.17
	SSc	0.55	0.07–4.38	0.57
	PM/DM	0.05	0.0–2914.8	0.58
	MCTD	0.73	0.09–5.89	0.77
	Vasculitis	3.95	1.14–13.6	0.03
	PMR	9.23	0.96–88.8	0.054
	AOSD	0.05	0.0–1.310^23	0.90
Duration of underlying disease, months		1.00	0.9–1.002	0.19
Dosage of GCs at autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis, mg/day		0.98	0.95–1.02	0.28
Dosage of GCs at LIPs, mg/day		1.01	0.98–1.04	0.57
Immunosuppressive agents at perforation		3.05	0.78–11.9	0.11
NSAIDs at the time of perforation		0.82	0.10–6.70	0.85
Absence of abdominal pain at perforation		5.61	1.38–22.9	0.02
White blood cell count, /μl		1.00	0.99–1.01	0.84
Lymphocyte count, /μl		1.00	1.00–1.00	0.73
Hemoglobin, g/dL		1.08	0.82–1.41	0.59
Albumin, g/dL		1.09	0.42–2.81	0.87
Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/L		1.00	1.00–1.00	0.18
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL		1.02	1.01–1.04	0.014
Serum creatinine, mg/dL		1.41	1.06–1.87	0.02
Amylase, IU/L		1.00	1.00–1.00	0.95
Plasma sodium, mmol/L		0.98	0.87–1.10	0.73
Plasma potassium, mmol/L		1.93	0.75–4.93	0.17
CRP, mg/dL		0.99	0.94–1.04	0.63
IgG, g/dL		1.00	1.00–1.00	0.74
Cause of perforation	Diverticulitis	1.08	0.33–3.55	0.90
	Autoimmune rheumatic diseases	0.40	0.05–3.10	0.38
	Malignancy	14.3	1.95–105.1	0.009
	Unknown	0.96	0.23–2.59	0.67
Perforation location	Ileum	0.52	0.07–4.09	0.53
	Appendix	0.04	0.0–24964	0.64
	Colon	1.79	0.39–8.24	0.46
	Rectum	1.68	0.36–7.84	0.51
Elective operation		0.05	0.0–2914.8	0.58
Emergent operations		22.37	0.0–1.410^6	0.58
Operations	Colostomy	2.26	0.66–7.75	0.19
	Hartmann’s operation	0.73	0.21–2.48	0.62
	Resection	0.04	0.0–28.3	0.33
	Appendectomy	0.05	0.0–9.910^8	0.80
	Drainage for perforation and omental flap	5.24	0.54–51.1	0.15
PMX–DHP		0.81	0.25–2.57	0.71
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy after LIPs		N/A
Dosage of GCs after LIPs, mg/day		1.02	0.99–1.04	0.25
Immunosuppressive agents after LIPs		0.05	0.0–3.910^7	0.77
Days in ICU		1.14	0.99–1.31	0.06

OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus, SSc: systemic sclerosis, PM/DM: polymyositis/dermatomyositis, MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease, PMR: polymyalgia rheumatica, AOSD: adult-onset Still’s disease, GCs; glucocorticoids, LIPs; lower intestinal perforations, NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, WBC: white blood cell, CRP: C-reactive protein, IgG: immunoglobulin G, PMX-DHP: direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B–immobilized fiber, ICU: intensive care unit, and N/A: not applicable.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01.