Addressing Risks of Violence against Healthcare Staff in Emergency Departments: The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Attachment Style

Table 3

Differences in the sample means (N = 149).

		Men	Women	t	Physicians	Nurses	t
1	Emotional Violence by Patients	1.90	2.04	1.41	1.76	2.26	5.47
		(.58)	(.61)		(.51)	(.60)
2	Emotional Violence by Visitors	1.66	1.85	2.01	1.54	2.03	5.65
		(.56)	(.59)		(.49)	(.57)
3	Emotional Violence by Patients and Visitors	1.78	1.94	1.83	1.65	2.15	5.87
		(.52)	(.57)		(.45)	(.55)
4	Physical Violence by Patients	1.29	1.31	.30	1.23	1.40	2.44
		(.39)	(.43)		(.41)	(.39)
5	Physical Violence by Visitors	1.08	1.12	.94	1.07	1.14	1.58
		(.20)	(.28)		(.24)	(.23)
6	Physical Violence by Patients and Visitors	1.19	1.22	.59	1.15	1.27	2.32
		(.26)	(.33)		(.30)	(.27)
7	Inappropriate Touching by Patients	1.22	1.30	.93	1.15	1.40	2.42
		(.57)	(.60)		(.39)	(.76)
8	Inappropriate Touching by Visitors	1.13	1.06	-.1.21	1.02	1.19	2.57
		(.44)	(.24)		(.15)	(.51)
9	Secure Attachment	2.43	2.48	.31	2.62	2.21	-2.66
		(.98)	(.92)		(.94)	(.91)
10	Avoidant Attachment	1.59	1.77	1.44	1.56	1.85	2.42
		(.73)	(.73)		(.68)	(.79)
11	Anxious Attachment	1.46	1.35	-.1.06	1.39	1.44	.44
		(.66)	(.56)		(.64)	(.59)
12	Global Job Satisfaction	2.95	3.00	.41	3.01	2.91	-.80
		(.75)	(.75)		(.74)	(.76)
13	Age	49.14	44.21	-2.66	49.51	43.08	-3.69
		(11.69)	(10.53)		(12.15)	(8.96)

p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001.