Research Article
Addressing Risks of Violence against Healthcare Staff in Emergency Departments: The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Attachment Style
Table 3
Differences in the sample means (N = 149).
| ā | ā | Men | Women | t | Physicians | Nurses | t |
| 1 | Emotional Violence by Patients | 1.90 | 2.04 | 1.41 | 1.76 | 2.26 | 5.47 | (.58) | (.61) | (.51) | (.60) |
| 2 | Emotional Violence by Visitors | 1.66 | 1.85 | 2.01 | 1.54 | 2.03 | 5.65 | (.56) | (.59) | (.49) | (.57) |
| 3 | Emotional Violence by Patients and Visitors | 1.78 | 1.94 | 1.83 | 1.65 | 2.15 | 5.87 | (.52) | (.57) | (.45) | (.55) |
| 4 | Physical Violence by Patients | 1.29 | 1.31 | .30 | 1.23 | 1.40 | 2.44 | (.39) | (.43) | (.41) | (.39) |
| 5 | Physical Violence by Visitors | 1.08 | 1.12 | .94 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 1.58 | (.20) | (.28) | (.24) | (.23) |
| 6 | Physical Violence by Patients and Visitors | 1.19 | 1.22 | .59 | 1.15 | 1.27 | 2.32 | (.26) | (.33) | (.30) | (.27) |
| 7 | Inappropriate Touching by Patients | 1.22 | 1.30 | .93 | 1.15 | 1.40 | 2.42 | (.57) | (.60) | (.39) | (.76) |
| 8 | Inappropriate Touching by Visitors | 1.13 | 1.06 | -.1.21 | 1.02 | 1.19 | 2.57 | (.44) | (.24) | (.15) | (.51) |
| 9 | Secure Attachment | 2.43 | 2.48 | .31 | 2.62 | 2.21 | -2.66 | (.98) | (.92) | (.94) | (.91) |
| 10 | Avoidant Attachment | 1.59 | 1.77 | 1.44 | 1.56 | 1.85 | 2.42 | (.73) | (.73) | (.68) | (.79) |
| 11 | Anxious Attachment | 1.46 | 1.35 | -.1.06 | 1.39 | 1.44 | .44 | (.66) | (.56) | (.64) | (.59) |
| 12 | Global Job Satisfaction | 2.95 | 3.00 | .41 | 3.01 | 2.91 | -.80 | (.75) | (.75) | (.74) | (.76) |
| 13 | Age | 49.14 | 44.21 | -2.66 | 49.51 | 43.08 | -3.69 | (11.69) | (10.53) | (12.15) | (8.96) |
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p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001. |