Ligustrazine Prevents Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Suppression of Aberrant TGFβ Activation in Nucleus Pulposus Cells

Figure 4

The dose-dependent effect of LIG on TGFβ activation in mouse IVD ex vivo. Western blot analysis of pSmad2 and total Smad2 levels in the IVD, pretreated with 2 ng/mL of rmTGFβ1 combined with 10⁻⁵, 10⁻⁶, and 10⁻⁷ M LIG.